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rhPTH(1–84) over 2 months. The Columbia group ( 28 , 29 ) has published long-term studies of rhPTH(1–84) safety and efficacy while following a cohort of patients for up to 8 years. The phase 3 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo
Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
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Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
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in adolescents with AN ( 20 ), but a randomized placebo-controlled study of GH administration for 12 weeks in women with AN reported no increase in serum IGF-I levels ( 21 ). The catabolic effects of hGH on adipose tissue during the first few months
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in PWS should be resolved by randomised, placebo-controlled crossover studies. Given the ethical and practical concerns of giving intramuscular placebo injections, we advocate studies examining oral or transdermal testosterone and oestrogen
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Background
Evidence on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in preventing stroke and thromboembolic events in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation is scarce.
Objective
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation.
Methods
Our study protocol was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration no. CRD42020222782). Four databases and two systematic review registers were searched through 25 November 2020 for interventional and observational studies comparing anticoagulation therapy with active comparators, placebo, or no treatment in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. Random-effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Quality of evidence was described using the GRADE framework.
Results
In the study, 23,145 records were retrieved. One randomized controlled trial and eight cohort studies were ultimately included. Effect estimates on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation were extracted. Meta-analysis using the inverse variance and random-effects methods was conducted on four cohort studies with 3443 participants and 277 events. Anticoagulation in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation reduced the risk of ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism by 3% (95% CI: 1–6%). Warfarin may prevent ischemic stroke in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation if the CHA2DS2-VASc score exceeds 1 and when atrial fibrillation persists beyond 7 days. Direct oral anticoagulants may be associated with fewer bleeding events than warfarin.
Conclusions
Anticoagulation prevents ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants may be associated with fewer bleeding events.
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) Effects on primary endpoints Raza-Khan et al . ( 56 ) RCT 28 PCOS women 28.2 ± 5.2 years (vitamin D group) vs 28.7 ± 5.6 years (placebo group) 49.80 ± 23.64 nmol/L (vitamin D group) vs 55.41 ± 17.12 nmol/L (placebo group) QUICKI 12
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protein and lipid metabolism have been published ( 15 , 16 ). The study design included eight healthy lean male test subjects who underwent three experimental interventions: Saline (placebo). LPS administration (LPS). LPS and amino acid
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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vitamin D 40,000 IU per week, 20,000 IU per week, or placebo for 1 year. All subjects were also given 500 mg calcium daily. The primary end point was weight reduction after 1 year. The subjects met to visits every third month ( 17 ). The Depression study
Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
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influence of incretin-based therapy added to insulin vs placebo or no drug added to insulin in subjects with type 1 diabetes on the key outcomes HbA1c, total insulin dose, body weight, severe hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal side effects. Methods
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Department of General Surgery, St. Elisabeth’s Hospital, Graz, Austria
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placebo nor in the intervention group ( 28 ). There is also evidence that critically ill patients with very low 25(OH)D concentrations have blunted responses to vitamin D replacement possibly due to conversion into alternate metabolites and epiforms ( 29
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administration, as an inflammatory model, could mediate heightened cortisol responses in older subjects compared with younger subjects, and be altered by increased visceral fat mass. The present randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study comprised s
