Angelica Amorim Amato
Angelica Amorim Amato
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Hailey Brit Wheeler
Hailey Brit Wheeler
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Bruce Blumberg
Bruce Blumberg
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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complex ‘environmental factors’ (broadly defined). These can include socio-economic status, family lifestyle, workplace culture, and urban design (the ‘built environment’). Coupled with inadequate physical activity and nutritional imbalance, these may
Jun-Xin Yan
Jun-Xin Yan
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Bin-Jing Pan
Bin-Jing Pan
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ping-Ping Zhao
Ping-Ping Zhao
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Li-Ting Wang
Li-Ting Wang
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Jing-Fang Liu
Jing-Fang Liu
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Song-Bo Fu
Song-Bo Fu
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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, this results in an accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) inside the liver (FFA), which aggravates insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin receptor signaling pathway. Finally, genetic and epidemiological factors, including diet, lifestyle
Yaqian Mao
Yaqian Mao
Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Lizhen Xu
Lizhen Xu
Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Ting Xue
Ting Xue
Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Jixing Liang
Jixing Liang
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Wei Lin
Wei Lin
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Junping Wen
Junping Wen
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Huibin Huang
Huibin Huang
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Liantao Li
Liantao Li
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Gang Chen
Gang Chen
Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical, Fujian, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical, Fujian, China
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, auxiliary examinations, co-morbidities, and lifestyles. We selected 10 characteristic variables with nonzero coefficients from 44 variables through the LASSO regression model, including age, neck circumference, waist-to-height ratio, BMI, TG, IFG
Siphiwe N Dlamini
Siphiwe N Dlamini
SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zané Lombard
Zané Lombard
Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lisa K Micklesfield
Lisa K Micklesfield
SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nigel Crowther
Nigel Crowther
Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Shane A Norris
Shane A Norris
SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tracy Snyman
Tracy Snyman
Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Andrew A Crawford
Andrew A Crawford
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Brian R Walker
Brian R Walker
BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Julia H Goedecke
Julia H Goedecke
SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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study. Details of data collection protocols for the AWI-Gen study have been described elsewhere ( 24 ). Study sample 2 included participants (501 men and 529 women) recruited as part of a longitudinal study designed to identify the determinants of type 2
David S Mathiesen
David S Mathiesen
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Jonatan I Bagger
Jonatan I Bagger
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Katrine B Hansen
Katrine B Hansen
Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders E Junker
Anders E Junker
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Astrid Plamboeck
Astrid Plamboeck
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Signe Harring
Signe Harring
Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Thomas Idorn
Thomas Idorn
Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mads Hornum
Mads Hornum
Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anna E Jonsson
Anna E Jonsson
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Torben Hansen
Torben Hansen
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Asger Lund
Asger Lund
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Filip K Knop
Filip K Knop
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disorder with environmental triggers such as a sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity and ensuing overweight. Genetic predisposition also plays an important role in the development of the
Chengnan Guo
Chengnan Guo
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yixi Xu
Yixi Xu
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yange Ma
Yange Ma
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xin Xu
Xin Xu
Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fang Peng
Fang Peng
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hui-hui Li
Hui-hui Li
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dongzhen Jin
Dongzhen Jin
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Shu-zhen Zhao
Shu-zhen Zhao
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhezheng Xia
Zhezheng Xia
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mengyuan Lai
Mengyuan Lai
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mingzhu Che
Mingzhu Che
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ruogu Huang
Ruogu Huang
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yanan Wang
Yanan Wang
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Depeng Jiang
Depeng Jiang
Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Chao Zheng
Chao Zheng
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Guangyun Mao
Guangyun Mao
Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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important chronic non-communicable disease, the likelihood of developing DR would be affected by a lot of factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, lifestyle and others. All these known or unknown confounders would modify the results
Mirjam M Oosterwerff
Mirjam M Oosterwerff
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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Rosa Meijnen
Rosa Meijnen
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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Natasja M Van Schoor
Natasja M Van Schoor
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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Dirk L Knol
Dirk L Knol
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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Mark H H Kramer
Mark H H Kramer
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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Mireille N M Van Poppel
Mireille N M Van Poppel
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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Paul Lips
Paul Lips
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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E Marelise W Eekhoff
E Marelise W Eekhoff
Departments of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public and Occupational Health, Endocrine Section
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physical activity guidelines, a lifestyle intervention could be essential for the health of overweight non-western immigrants. When 25(OH)D concentrations were >60 nmol/l after intervention, there was borderline improvement of physical exercise capacity in
Luca Boeri
Luca Boeri
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Paolo Capogrosso
Paolo Capogrosso
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Walter Cazzaniga
Walter Cazzaniga
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Edoardo Pozzi
Edoardo Pozzi
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Luigi Candela
Luigi Candela
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Federico Belladelli
Federico Belladelli
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Davide Oreggia
Davide Oreggia
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Eugenio Ventimiglia
Eugenio Ventimiglia
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Nicolò Schifano
Nicolò Schifano
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Giuseppe Fallara
Giuseppe Fallara
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Marina Pontillo
Marina Pontillo
Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Costantino Abbate
Costantino Abbate
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Emanuele Montanari
Emanuele Montanari
Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Francesco Montorsi
Francesco Montorsi
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Andrea Salonia
Andrea Salonia
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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). Of relevance, SHBG was found to linearly increase with ageing while decreasing with increasing BMI values ( 8 , 9 , 11 ). Additionally, SHBG per se has also been shown to be an independent determinant of DM, metabolic syndrome (MetS
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Margareta Hellgren
Margareta Hellgren
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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David Bock
David Bock
Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anna G Nilsson
Anna G Nilsson
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bledar Daka
Bledar Daka
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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questionnaires were used to obtain information on lifestyle including current smoking habits, alcohol intake, and leisure time physical activity ( 14 ). Laboratory analyses Fasting venous blood samples were drawn in the morning and 2 h after a 75 g oral
Johan Verhelst
Johan Verhelst
Department of Endocrinology, ZNA Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Anders F Mattsson
Anders F Mattsson
Pfizer Endocrine Care, Pfizer Health AB, Sollentuna, Sweden
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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Pfizer Endocrine Care, Pfizer, Inc., New York, New York, USA
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Anton Luger
Anton Luger
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University and General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Roger Abs
Roger Abs
Antwerp Centre for Endocrinology, Antwerp, Belgium
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normality independently of any condition. The other one, metabolic disruption, could be prevented by timely diagnosis of GHD and treated by adequate GH replacement, but it will also require a lifestyle intervention, physical activity and especially weight
