Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Campus Flemingsberg, Neo Building, Huddinge, Sweden
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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that could enhance energy metabolism ( 15 ). Preclinical experiments have identified two batokines that have a prominent effect on energy balance: fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) ( 16 , 17 ). FGF21, when
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common feature of TS, untreated women are approximately 20–21 cm shorter than normal women within their respective populations ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been shown to increase growth and final height in
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, alcohol abuse or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Regardless of the carcinogenic insult, it usually develops in patients with cirrhosis due to chronic inflammation and advanced fibrosis ( 2 ). Growth hormone (GH) is a major regulator of body growth and
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Introduction The sexual dimorphism in the mechanisms involved in the regulation of somatotroph axis is well documented, and it might account for some of the sex differences in growth rate and body composition ( 1 ). Indeed, sex hormones are
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
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Introduction The adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) syndrome includes unfavourable levels of several well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as adverse body composition, cholesterol levels and inflammatory
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Introduction Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in addition to their recognised metabolic and endocrine effects, play a pivotal role in brain functions ( 1 , 2 ). Serum GH and IGF-1
Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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were 45 boys and 43 girls. Obesity was defined as age- and sex-specific BMI of greater than or equal to 95th percentile in accordance with the growth charts for children in China ( 9 ). BMI values were converted to standard deviation score (SDS) values
Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum, Jena, Germany
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Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany
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Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany
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as a response to atrial stretch ( 2 ). While it is known that cardiac muscle mass increases from birth to adolescence with a less rapid growth rate than body size ( 3 ), the influence of growth hormone factors on cardiac marker levels during normal
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), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc. ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), caused by detrimental intrauterine environment, affects 23.8% or approximately 30 million newborns per year globally ( 4 ). In a proper environment, most of
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Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
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Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
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, normal GH secretion is important to avoid progression of hypoglycemic episodes into severe hypoglycemia. GH is reflected by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), which is used to evaluate the GH axis, because GH has great diurnal variation. Total IGF1 has