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Kaisa K Ivaska
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Maikki K Heliövaara Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

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Pertti Ebeling Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

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Marco Bucci Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

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Ville Huovinen Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

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H Kalervo Väänänen
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Pirjo Nuutila Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

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Heikki A Koistinen Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

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Introduction Bone is increasingly recognized as an effector in energy metabolism via its interactions with other tissues (1, 2) . The role of bone-derived osteocalcin (OC) as a novel endocrine regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism was

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Xiaoxia Jia Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yaxin An Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuechao Xu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuxian Yang Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Chang Liu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Dong Zhao Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Jing Ke Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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human energy homeostasis and may be involved in bone metabolism, which may contribute to the complex relationship between fat mass and bone ( 9 ). Although amounts of studies showed either a clear positive or negative effect of whole-body fat mass on

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Magdalene K Montgomery Department of Pharmacology, UNSW Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

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Nigel Turner Department of Pharmacology, UNSW Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia

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various energy and glucose metabolism markers in muscle (29) , as well as similar hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacity when compared with low-fat diet controls (30) . Besides evidence for scenario 1 (a decrease in

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Nese Cinar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Alper Gurlek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Vazquez MJ Rodriguez-Cuenca S Gonzalez CR Velagapudi VR Morgan DA Schoenmakers E Agassandian K Lage R . Hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism mediate thyroid regulation of energy balance . Nature Medicine 2010 16 1001

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Peiwen Zheng School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Fan Wang Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Hui Li Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China

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Hanlu Chen School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Mengtong Li School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Haozheng Ma School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Jue He School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Li Chen School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Yanlong Liu School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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Haiyun Xu School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China

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increase and any single CSF measurement, indicating that a complex neuroendocrine network, rather than any single component, regulates human glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Alternatively, it may be due to the relatively small sample

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Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Ariadna Zybek-Kocik Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Michał Kloska Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital – Cedar Crest, Allentown, USA

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Paulina Ziółkowska Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Agata Czarnywojtek Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Jerzy Sowiński Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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-Kocik, Michał Kloska and Paulina Ziółkowska contributed equally to this work. References 1 Choe SS Huh JY Hwang IJ Kim JI Kim JB Adipose tissue remodeling: its role in energy metabolism and metabolic disorders . Frontiers in Endocrinology

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Mohammed S Albreiki Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK

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Benita Middleton Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK

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Shelagh M Hampton Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK

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) 10 Ekmekcioglu C Touitou Y. Chronobiological aspects of food intake and metabolism and their relevance on energy balance and weight regulation . Obesity Reviews 2011 12 14 – 25 . ( doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00716.x ) 11 Scheer F

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Leanne Hodson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK

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Fredrik Karpe Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK

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FA oxidation, VLDL production and secretion, and gluconeogenesis. Thus, during the postprandial period, cellular metabolism rapidly shifts away from energy supply to energy storage (A) and back again. In individuals with an ‘unhealthy’ phenotype (e

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Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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disorders . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011 96 333 – 343 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2304 ) 32 Loucks AB . The response of luteinizing hormone pulsatility to 5 days of low energy availability disappears by 14 years of

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Emmely M de Vries Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Hermina C van Beeren Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Albert C W A van Wijk Department of Experimental Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Andries Kalsbeek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Johannes A Romijn Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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energy source. Although TH is known to regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis, there are no data available on the effects of fasting on TH metabolism in WAT. Thus, both liver and WAT contain the molecular machinery for TH metabolism and action. Previous

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