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Stefan Pilz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Armin Zittermann Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany

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Christian Trummer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Verena Theiler-Schwetz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Elisabeth Lerchbaum Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin H Keppel University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

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Martin R Grübler Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Winfried März Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Synlab Medical Center of Human Genetics Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

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Marlene Pandis Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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contraceptive intake), but more data are needed to clarify the clinical significance of free 25(OH)D ( 34 , 35 ). Vitamin D catabolism is initiated by 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D metabolites that are finally excreted in the bile and urine. For a more detailed

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0432
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access
Thomas Reinehr Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Alexandra Kulle Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Juliane Rothermel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Caroline Knop-Schmenn Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Nina Lass Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Christina Bosse Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Paul-Martin Holterhus Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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-1609 ) 6 Hoeger K Davidson K Kochman L Cherry T Kopin L Guzick DS. The impact of metformin, oral contraceptives, and lifestyle modification on polycystic ovary syndrome in obese adolescent women in two randomized, placebo

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0051
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Anna Kistner Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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Mireille Vanpée Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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Kerstin Hall Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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depending on insulin action on the liver and can be used as a surrogate marker for hepatic glucose production (20) . Its expression in hepatocytes is suppressed by insulin. In prospective epidemiological studies on men and women with normal oral glucose

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-12-0071
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 1
Open access
Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Albrethsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Vassos Neocleous The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Federico Baronio S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy

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Martine Cools Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Lise Aksglaede Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Christiansen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Meropi Toumba The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Pavlos Fanis The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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H Mouritsen A Johannsen TH Main KM Jørgensen N Petersen JH Andersson AM & Juul A . Sex, age, pubertal development and use of oral contraceptives in relation to serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, Δ4

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0073
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
Open access
Niek F Dirks Atalmedial Diagnostics Centre, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Noordwest Ziekenhuis, Alkmaar, The Netherlands

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Etienne Cavalier Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium

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Annemieke C Heijboer Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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have difficulty measuring accurately in pregnant women, women on oral contraceptives, patients admitted to the intensive care unit and patients with liver failure ( 36 ). Additionally, automated assays struggle with hemodialysis and osteoporotic

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Bone and Mineral Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0269
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Xinyuan Zhang Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Suiyan Li School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Hongwei Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Huai Bai Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qingqing Liu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Chunyi Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Ping Fan Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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PCOS and 806 healthy controls were included. To analyze oxidative stress, hormonal, and metabolic indices, participants were excluded if they had any of the following factors: (i) hormonal therapy (oral contraceptives) or medications known to affect

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0463
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
K L Gatford School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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G K Heinemann School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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S D Thompson School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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J V Zhang School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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S Buckberry School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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J A Owens School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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G A Dekker School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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C T Roberts School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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on behalf of the SCOPE Consortium School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia

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participation in the study. Inclusion criteria were age (18–60 years) and not taking regular medication other than the oral contraceptive pill. First-degree (siblings, parent–child) and second-degree relatives (cousins) were excluded. Ethics approval for this

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0068
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 3
Open access
André Marques-Pinto Serviço de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Serviço de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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.g. pesticides, contraceptive pills and other chemicals from urban and agricultural waste) accumulates in the environment and in animals higher up on the food chain (6, 7) . Indeed, some EDs that were banned decades ago, namely DDT and PCB, are still found in

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0036
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 3
Open access
Supitcha Patjamontri Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Alexander Spiers MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Rachel B Smith MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Chen Shen MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Jo Adaway Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Brian G Keevil Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Mireille B Toledano MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK

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S Faisal Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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to this study. There were no reports of steroid hormonal therapy or the use of contraceptives. Saliva samples were collected from participants during school hours between March 2015 and July 2016 (T1); 706 boys with a median age of 12.3 years (range

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0084
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 12
Open access
E M Winter Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands

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A Ireland Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

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N C Butterfield Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, DuCane Road, London, United Kingdom

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M Haffner-Luntzer Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany

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M-N Horcajada Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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A G Veldhuis-Vlug Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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L Oei Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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G Colaianni Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

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N Bonnet Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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( 49 ). There is some suggestion that recovery at the trabecular-rich spine is quicker than in other regions. In addition, return of regular menses and use of the progestin-only contraceptive pill were associated with improved bone recovery during and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0055
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 6
Open access