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Salem A Beshyah Department of Medicine, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Khawla F Ali Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain

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Hussein F Saadi Department of Endocrinology, Medical Subspecialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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managed with glucocorticoid replacement alone ( 8 ). Oral hydrocortisone has been the preferred glucocorticoid replacement therapy in AI ( 7 ). Its relatively short half-life allows for frequent daily dosing, roughly mimicking the normal diurnal rhythm

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0314
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 8
Open access
Stefan Schulz
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Anika Mann
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Benjamin Novakhov
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Hugh D Piggins Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany

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Amelie Lupp
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receptor is involved in the regulation of normal rhythmic activity of the circadian clock, basal energy expenditure, immune response as well as male reproductive functions (1, 3, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37) . In addition, it has been shown that copy number

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0051
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Open access
Angelica Amorim Amato Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Hailey Brit Wheeler Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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Bruce Blumberg Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

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, 17 ). These include stress ( 18 ), disrupted circadian rhythms ( 19 ), the composition of the gut microbiome (bacterial diversity, balance of bacterial types and the particular species found) ( 20 , 21 ), air pollution from proximity to highways ( 22

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0578
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Riccardo Pofi Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Ilaria Bonaventura Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy

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Joanne Duffy Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Zoe Maunsell Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK

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Brian Shine Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK

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Andrea M Isidori Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Morise T & Takimoto H . Circadian rhythm of plasma aldosterone and time dependent alterations of aldosterone regulators . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1984 20 321 – 323 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(8490225-5 ) 11 Bornstein SR

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0059
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 9
Open access
Gavin P Vinson School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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Caroline H Brennan School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK

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Akhisaroglu M Ahmed R Manev H . The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circadian cocaine sensitization in mice . Neuropsychopharmacology 2003 28 2117 – 2123 . 174 Akhisaroglu M Ahmed R Kurtuncu

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0028
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 3
Open access
Trevor Lewis Physiotherapy Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

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Eva Zeisig Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå Univerisity, Umeå, Sweden

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Jamie E Gaida University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

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circulation ( 14 ). At the adrenal gland, ACTH stimulates production and release of glucocorticoid into the circulation ( 15 ). In each 24-h period there are 7–13 glucocorticoid pulses, collectively these are referred to as the ultradian rhythm ( 16 ). The

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0555
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 3
Open access
Janko Sattler Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

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Jinwen Tu Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Shihani Stoner Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Jingbao Li Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China

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Frank Buttgereit Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

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Markus J Seibel Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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Hong Zhou Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Mark S Cooper Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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model of arthritis (STA) ( P  < 0.01). Serum ACTH and corticosterone were measured at 12:00 h, which corresponds to the nadir of the rodent circadian glucocorticoid production rhythm. Levels of ACTH and corticosterone were not found to be

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0361
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 2
Open access
Maria Angela D'amico Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Barbara Ghinassi Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Pascal Izzicupo Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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Lamberto Manzoli Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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A Di Baldassarre Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy

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and salivary CgA have different routes of secretion: indeed, salivary CgA peaks upon awakening and then quickly decreases to nadir after 1 h and is maintained at a low level throughout the day, whereas plasma CgA did not show any circadian rhythm (84

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0027
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Wang Chengji College of Physical Education, Chaohu University, Anhui Province, China

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Fan Xianjin College of Physical Education, Chaohu University, Anhui Province, China

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~25°C and humidity 60~40%, natural circadian rhythm, light enough. After one-week adjustment period given high-fat diet for rats, its feed formula is lard 10%, white sugar 20%, egg yolk powder 5%, bile salt 0.2%, vitamin 0.05%, mineral 0.2% and basic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0060
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Lia Ferreira Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Silva Department of Endocrinology, Hospital das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, Portugal

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Susana Garrido Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal

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Carlos Bello Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal

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Diana Oliveira Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Hélder Simões Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Isabel Paiva Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Joana Guimarães Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal

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Marta Ferreira Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal

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Teresa Pereira Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal

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Rita Bettencourt-Silva Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Filipa Martins Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal

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Tiago Silva Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Garcia da Orta, Lisboa, Portugal

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Vera Fernandes Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal

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Maria Lopes Pereira Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal

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Adrenal Tumors Study Group of the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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-physiological nature of conventional replacement therapy ( 30 ). Delayed-release hydrocortisone preparations have been introduced with the aim of better mimicking the endogenous circadian cortisol rhythm, which have been shown to improve quality of life in patients

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0295
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access