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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Introduction An adrenal incidentaloma is defined as a lesion of the adrenal gland that is discovered incidentally during imaging techniques performed for disorders unrelated to the adrenal gland ( 1 , 2 ). In most cases, adrenal
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Introduction Acromegaly is characterized by excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) causing multisystem-associated morbidities and increased mortality. GH is considered as the main regulator of circulating total insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1
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and C ). Co-treatment with a MEK inhibitor, PD98059, reduced ERK phosphorylation at 1 h after oxytocin administration ( Fig. 9D and E ). Prolongation of the treatment beyond 24 h resulted in a reduction in the expression of CDK4 and cyclin D1 by PD
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response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), progression, relapse and distant metastasis on the basis of response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST 1.1) ( 12 ) to assess the treatment response. The data of preoperative clinical
Surgery Research Unit, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Pediatric Research Center, New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. The incidence rate has been rising throughout the Western world ( 1 ). The incidence is highest in Finland, in 2006 as high as 64.3 per 100,000 children
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Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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used to describe the resultant long-term deficiencies of at least two anterior pituitary hormones (following exclusion of sick euthyroid or sick eugonadal states). Isolated ACTH deficiency Isolated ACTH deficiency (IAD) is induced by PD-1 and PD
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Introduction Thyroid hormones are essential for both normal development and metabolism. These actions are mediated through its two receptor isoforms, thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) and thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) ( 1 ). Thyroid hormone
1st Department of Propaupaedic Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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considered in G1–2 NEN patients with KI67 LI <10% and PD, being previously treated with a standard SSA dose ( 23 , 24 ). Robust evidence based on phase III RCTs has established the role of MTT with either everolimus or sunitinib in progressive WD G1 and G2
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Dehydrogenase (H6PD) with 11βHSD1 in the ER ( 22 ). The co-expression and localisation of HSD1L with H6PD has so far not been explored. A recent study has characterised a novel and potentially third 11βHSD activity in human liver nuclei that had lower K m
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identified, including in GATA6 , PDX1 , and PTF1A ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). In cases of complete PA, insulin, a major fetal growth regulator, and C-peptide concentrations are usually below the limit of detection in cord blood. The importance of insulin and other