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Hichem Bouguerra Université Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et pathologies Humaines, Tunis, Tunisie
Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France

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Gorrab Amal Université Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et pathologies Humaines, Tunis, Tunisie

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Stephan Clavel Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France

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Hamouda Boussen Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Abderrahman Mami, Ariana, Tunisia

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Jean-François Louet Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France

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Asma Gati Université Tunis El-Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et pathologies Humaines, Tunis, Tunisie

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/ERK 1/2, PI-3K/AKT) and non-canonical signaling pathways (JNK, p38 MAPK, PKC and AMPK), which promote proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in BC ( 7 ). Yet, few studies have investigated the involvement of leptin on tumor/immune cells conflict. The

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Agnieszka Kosowska Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Enrique Gallego-Colon Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Wojciech Garczorz Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Agnieszka Kłych-Ratuszny Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Mohammad Reza F Aghdam Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Michał Woz´niak Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Andrzej Witek Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Agnieszka Wróblewska-Czech Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Anna Cygal Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Jerzy Wojnar Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Tomasz Francuz Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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vitro data limit our understanding of the role of incretins and cancer. Although the mechanisms of action of GLP-1 analogs are yet to be elucidated, GLP-1 analogs have been shown to influence cancer cells by altering proliferation, apoptosis, ECM

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Kazhan Mollazadegan Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Britt Skogseid Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Johan Botling Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Tobias Åkerström Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Barbro Eriksson Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Staffan Welin Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Anders Sundin Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Joakim Crona Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) constitute a heterogeneous group of different diseases, in terms of biology as well as in patient characteristics and outcomes. The panNENs displaying the highest proliferation rate

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Yusaku Mori Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

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Eunhyoung Ko Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Rudolf Furrer Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Linda C Qu Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Stuart C Wiber Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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I George Fantus Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leadership Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Mario Thevis Center for Preventive Doping Research and Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Alan Medline Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Pathology, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Adria Giacca Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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expression did not reach significance ( P  = 0.2) (Supplementary Fig. 4). In MCF-7 cells, a cell line where glargine induces greater proliferation compared to unmodified insulin ( 20 , 21 ), there was a much greater expression of IGF-1R than in MNU

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Guillem Cuatrecasas Endocrinology Department, Hospital Quiron-Teknon, CPEN S.L., Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Oberta Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain

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Hatice Kumru Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain

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M Josep Coves Endocrinology Department, Hospital Quiron-Teknon, CPEN S.L., Barcelona, Spain

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Joan Vidal Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain

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spinal ependymal precursors) ( 12 ). GH was shown to stimulate proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in animal models. This could be in part because of a GH-mediated neuronal anti-apoptotic effect (Akt

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Pinaki Dutta
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Bhuvanesh Mahendran Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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K Shrinivas Reddy Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Jasmina Ahluwalia Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Kim Vaiphei Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Rakesh K Kochhar Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Prakamya Gupta Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Anand Srinivasan Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Mahesh Prakash Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Kanchan Kumar Mukherjee Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Viral N Shah
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Girish Parthan
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Anil Bhansali
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proliferation indices (Ki67, K Vaiphei). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sella was performed at baseline and at the end of the study to identify any changes in residual tumor or appearance of new tumor. All relevant tests were repeated at the end of the

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Taís S Assmann Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Bianca M De Souza Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Daisy Crispim Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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regulation of various processes, such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, aging and apoptosis ( 10 , 12 ). miRNAs are estimated to regulate the expression of more than 60% of protein-coding genes ( 9 ); consequently, changes in their

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Zhengrong Jiang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Linghong Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lijun Chen Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Jingxiong Zhou Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Bo Liang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Xuefeng Bai Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lizhen Wu Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Huibin Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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and multiple signalling pathways ( 10 ). In GD patients, pro-inflammatory cytokines are capable of promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation, which trigger the abnormal activation of B cells, resulting in the overproduction of antibodies and

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Hong Tang Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xiaomei Jiang Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yu Hua Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Heyue Li Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunlan Zhu Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xiaobai Hao Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Minhui Yi Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Linxia Li Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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increasing NEDD4L-mediated T-bet degradation via ubiquitination ( 22 ). In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that NEDD4L contributes to the development of various diseases by regulating cell proliferation. However, the function of NEDDL4 in

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Maryam Iravani Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden

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Marie K Lagerquist Center of Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Elham Karimian Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden

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Andrei S Chagin Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Claes Ohlsson Center of Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lars Sävendahl Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden

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and proliferation in the growth plate ( 16 ). Based on these data, we hypothesized that modulation of GPER1 activity may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in children with abnormal growth including extreme short and tall stature. Since E2, the main

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