Hana Vítková
Hana Vítková
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kateřina Anderlová
Kateřina Anderlová
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Krátký
Jan Krátký
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Radovan Bílek
Radovan Bílek
Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Drahomíra Springer
Drahomíra Springer
Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Felix Votava
Felix Votava
Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tomáš Brutvan
Tomáš Brutvan
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Adéla Krausová
Adéla Krausová
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kristýna Žabková
Kristýna Žabková
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Eliška Potluková
Eliška Potluková
University Center of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland and University of Basel, Switzerland
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Jan Jiskra
Jan Jiskra
Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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tolerance test (OGTT) performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, and 98 pregnant women with negative OGTT as a control group were included in the study. Forty-two women treated with levothyroxine were excluded from the analysis; therefore, 195 women
Yi Chen
Yi Chen
Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wen Zhang
Wen Zhang
Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chi Chen
Chi Chen
Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yuying Wang
Yuying Wang
Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ningjian Wang
Ningjian Wang
Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yingli Lu
Yingli Lu
Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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recommended for use in epidemiological studies as reference markers of bone formation and resorption ( 8 ). Several reports have suggested that anti-thyroid dysfunction treatment may influence the bone metabolism. Long-term levothyroxine substitution therapy
Signe Kirkegaard
Signe Kirkegaard
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp
Nanna Maria Uldall Torp
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stig Andersen
Stig Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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H Chi H Zeng L Xiao W Wang Y Li R Liu P Wang C Tian Q , et al. Effect of levothyroxine on miscarriage among women with normal thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer a
Ruth Percik
Ruth Percik
Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Sherwin Criseno
Sherwin Criseno
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Safwaan Adam
Safwaan Adam
Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Kate Young
Kate Young
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Daniel L Morganstein
Daniel L Morganstein
Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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) ( Fig. 2 ). Replacement with levothyroxine and sex hormones may be required as per standard approaches in time, although morning cortisol should always be checked and replacement initiated prior to starting levothyroxine. Whilst there is some evidence of
Muthiah Subramanian
Muthiah Subramanian
Department of General Medicine, TB and Pulmonary Medicine, Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra University, 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Manu Kurian Baby
Manu Kurian Baby
Department of General Medicine, TB and Pulmonary Medicine, Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra University, 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Krishna G Seshadri
Krishna G Seshadri
Department of General Medicine, TB and Pulmonary Medicine, Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra University, 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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persistent low FT 4 and elevated TSH and had been started on levothyroxine replacement. Euthyroidism was defined as normal FT 4 , TSH levels without levothyroxine. Time taken to achieve successful cure (TC) was defined as the time (in days) from the date of
Jiashu Li
Jiashu Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Aihua Liu
Aihua Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Haixia Liu
Haixia Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Chenyan Li
Chenyan Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Weiwei Wang
Weiwei Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Cheng Han
Cheng Han
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Xinyi Wang
Xinyi Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Yuanyuan Zhang
Yuanyuan Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Weiping Teng
Weiping Teng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhongyan Shan
Zhongyan Shan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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-pregnancy TSH levels would increase the risks for spontaneous miscarriage. Early levothyroxine treatment, then, may reduce the risk of miscarriage ( 16 ). Table 5 Odds of miscarriage by serum TSH levels in the first trimester stratified by quintiles
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
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Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
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, but only after HC replacement has been implemented to avoid precipitating an adrenal crisis ( 33 , 56 ). We recommend starting with a low dose of levothyroxine (25–50 μg/day), especially in older patients and those with coronary artery disease, and
Magdalena Lech
Magdalena Lech
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Ruvini Ranasinghe
Ruvini Ranasinghe
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Royce P Vincent
Royce P Vincent
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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David R Taylor
David R Taylor
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Lea Ghataore
Lea Ghataore
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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James Luxton
James Luxton
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe
Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Pia Roser
Pia Roser
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Eftychia E Drakou
Eftychia E Drakou
Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Cancer Centre - Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Ling Ling Chuah
Ling Ling Chuah
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Ashley B Grossman
Ashley B Grossman
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Simon J B Aylwin
Simon J B Aylwin
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Georgios K Dimitriadis
Georgios K Dimitriadis
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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of mitotane therapy had been associated with a central hypothyroidism prevalence of 73.3%. This accentuates the importance of regular thyroid function investigations to assess individuals’ needs for levothyroxine therapy ( 7 , 14 ). The pregnant
Karim Gariani
Karim Gariani
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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François R Jornayvaz
François R Jornayvaz
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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NAFLD should be considered for individuals with hypothyroidism, in particular when they are also overweight or obese. Levothyroxine administration has been shown to be associated with reduction of the BMI and the level of serum lipids, thus suggesting
Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stig Andersen
Stig Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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from the high rT3/T3 ratio seen in pregnant women ( 13 ). The activity of DIO3 is considered part of the reason why athyreotic women need a 50% increase in their Levothyroxine dose by the time they become pregnant ( 14 ). Thus, the activity of DIO3 is
