L Ahlkvist
L Ahlkvist
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K Brown
K Brown
Department of Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Biomedical Center, C11, Lund University, SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
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B Ahrén
B Ahrén
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Introduction In fully compensated insulin resistance, there is a sufficient upregulation of insulin secretion whereas in glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes this upregulation is inadequate (1) . Several mechanisms have been suggested to
Angela Köninger
Angela Köninger
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Antonella Iannaccone
Antonella Iannaccone
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ensar Hajder
Ensar Hajder
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mirjam Frank
Mirjam Frank
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Boerge Schmidt
Boerge Schmidt
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ekkehard Schleussner
Ekkehard Schleussner
Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Rainer Kimmig
Rainer Kimmig
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Alexandra Gellhaus
Alexandra Gellhaus
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Hans Dieplinger
Hans Dieplinger
Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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). PCOS is also associated with several comorbidities resulting in long-term sequelae ( 4 ) like insulin resistance (IR) ( 5 ), obesity ( 6 ) and metabolic syndrome ( 7 ). Although metabolic parameters are not included in the diagnostic criteria, they
Anna Kistner
Anna Kistner
Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Mireille Vanpée
Mireille Vanpée
Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kerstin Hall
Kerstin Hall
Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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(defined as birth weight (BW) below 2500 g) has been proposed to lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (1, 2, 3, 4) . In studies of individuals born SGA at term (defined as BW SDS below −2 SDS), signs of insulin resistance have been detected in
Sarantis Livadas
Sarantis Livadas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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Christina Bothou
Christina Bothou
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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Ralitsa Robeva
Ralitsa Robeva
Ushate ‘acad. IV. Penchev’, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Andromahi Vryonidou
Andromahi Vryonidou
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Jelica Bjekic Macut
Jelica Bjekic Macut
Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ioannis Androulakis
Ioannis Androulakis
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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Milica Opalic
Milica Opalic
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zadalla Mouslech
Zadalla Mouslech
1st Medical Propedeutic, Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Andrej Milewicz
Andrej Milewicz
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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Alessandra Gambineri
Alessandra Gambineri
Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna – S. Orsola-Mapighi Hospital, Italy
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Dimitrios Panidis
Dimitrios Panidis
Gynaecological Endocrinology Infirmary of the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Djuro Macut
Djuro Macut
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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been observed in prospective studies of large PCOS cohorts of mostly obese women ( 2 , 3 ), since the two preconditions for T2DM development are encountered in PCOS. Specifically, profound insulin resistance (IR) constitutes a key player underlying
Lilit Egshatyan
Lilit Egshatyan
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Daria Kashtanova
Daria Kashtanova
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Anna Popenko
Anna Popenko
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Olga Tkacheva
Olga Tkacheva
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Alexander Tyakht
Alexander Tyakht
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Dmitry Alexeev
Dmitry Alexeev
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Natalia Karamnova
Natalia Karamnova
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Elena Kostryukova
Elena Kostryukova
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Vladislav Babenko
Vladislav Babenko
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Maria Vakhitova
Maria Vakhitova
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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Sergey Boytsov
Sergey Boytsov
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
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formula: (concentration of fasting blood glucose (mmol/l))×(concentration of fasting blood insulin (mU/l))/22.5. Insulin resistance (IR) was diagnosed if HOMA-IR >2.5 (11) . A 75 g OGTT was performed with blood glucose measurement before glucose intake
Xingrong Tan
Xingrong Tan
Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China
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Wenjing Hu
Wenjing Hu
Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Shan Yang
Shan Yang
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Han Dai
Han Dai
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Shangcheng Xu
Shangcheng Xu
Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Gangyi Yang
Gangyi Yang
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ling Li
Ling Li
Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China
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Shiguo Tang
Shiguo Tang
Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China
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Yi Wang
Yi Wang
Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China
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Introduction Insulin resistance (IR) is the pathophysiological basis of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Increased IR in T
Tao Yuan
Tao Yuan
Department of Endocrinology & Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lanping Jiang
Lanping Jiang
Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen Chen
Chen Chen
Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Xiaoyan Peng
Xiaoyan Peng
Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Min Nie
Min Nie
Department of Endocrinology & Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xuemei Li
Xuemei Li
Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiaoping Xing
Xiaoping Xing
Department of Endocrinology & Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xuewang Li
Xuewang Li
Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Limeng Chen
Limeng Chen
Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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sensitivity: (1) the OGTT insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda and DeFronzo (IS OGTT ) ( 8 ); (2) the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) model and (3) the homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The IS OGTT model
Julia Kubiak
Julia Kubiak
Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Per Medbøe Thorsby
Per Medbøe Thorsby
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Per Medbøe Thorsby, Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Norway
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Elena Kamycheva
Elena Kamycheva
Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Rolf Jorde
Rolf Jorde
Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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parameters, while the rest showed no effects or even adverse outcomes ( 14 ). In a meta-analysis by Poolsup et al . including 10 trials, no effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance was found in subjects with pre-diabetes ( 15 ). And finally, in a study from
Gunjan Garg
Gunjan Garg
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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Garima Kachhawa
Garima Kachhawa
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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Rekha Ramot
Rekha Ramot
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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Rajesh Khadgawat
Rajesh Khadgawat
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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Nikhil Tandon
Nikhil Tandon
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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V Sreenivas
V Sreenivas
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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Alka Kriplani
Alka Kriplani
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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N Gupta
N Gupta
Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics
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sensitivity in apparently healthy, middle-aged, centrally obese men . Diabetic Medicine 2009 26 19 – 27 . ( doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02636.x ). 9 Diamanti-Kandarakis E Dunaif A . Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited
Chunliang Yang
Chunliang Yang
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Junyi Li
Junyi Li
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fei Sun
Fei Sun
The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Haifeng Zhou
Haifeng Zhou
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jia Yang
Jia Yang
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chao Yang
Chao Yang
Department of Gerontology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
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gluconeogenesis. Specifically, in the long run, metabolic disorders that are responsible for insulin resistance may also, in turn, damage the insulin-secreting capability of islet β cells through the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines and toxic lipids ( 1
