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GO patients exhibit inflammation attributable to both autoimmune and inflammatory sources ( 10 , 11 ). Lacrimal gland acinar cells can express thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors ( 12 ) and exhibit multifocal infiltration by lymphocytes as well as
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Objective
Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II) is caused by lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficiency, which leads to a block in intra-lysosomal glycogen breakdown. In spite of enzyme replacement therapy, Pompe disease continues to be a progressive metabolic myopathy. Considering the health benefits of exercise, it is important in Pompe disease to acquire more information about muscle substrate use during exercise.
Methods
Seven adults with Pompe disease were matched to a healthy control group (1:1). We determined (1) peak oxidative capacity (VO2peak) and (2) carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during submaximal exercise (33 W) for 1 h, using cycle-ergometer exercise, indirect calorimetry and stable isotopes.
Results
In the patients, VO2peak was less than half of average control values; mean difference −1659 mL/min (CI: −2450 to −867, P = 0.001). However, the respiratory exchange ratio increased to >1.0 and lactate levels rose 5-fold in the patients, indicating significant glycolytic flux. In line with this, during submaximal exercise, the rates of oxidation (ROX) of carbohydrates and palmitate were similar between patients and controls (mean difference 0.226 g/min (CI: 0.611 to −0.078, P = 0.318) and mean difference 0.016 µmol/kg/min (CI: 1.287 to −1.255, P = 0.710), respectively).
Conclusion
Reflecting muscle weakness and wasting, Pompe disease is associated with markedly reduced maximal exercise capacity. However, glycogenolysis is not impaired in exercise. Unlike in other metabolic myopathies, skeletal muscle substrate use during exercise is normal in Pompe disease rendering exercise less complicated for e.g. medical or recreational purposes.
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play a role in anti-inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The intestinal flora of patients with T2DM is seriously out of balance, and the mucus-degrading bacteria and LPS producing pathogenic bacteria are dominant. LPS
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and outcome parameters of patients with previous hypothyroid and euthyroid status; to study the correlation between TFT and markers of inflammation, disease severity and the duration of hospital stay; and to establish the effect of previous hypothyroid
Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Department of Urology, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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biological processes (from grouping analogous gene ontology annotations; GO ( 39 ); Supplementary Table 2) were identified: hormonal and fat homeostasis ( n = 8), inflammation ( n = 8) and neural plasticity ( n = 4) ( Fig. 2D ). Several genes involved in
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obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular complications, by promoting a low-grade WAT inflammation (1, 2) . Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of body metabolism. Their effects include the stimulation of resting
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Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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persist. NASH is characterized morphologically by steatosis, ballooning hepatocytes, inflammation, with or without fibrosis. NASH itself can continue to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 17 , 18 ). NAFLD can be considered as the
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Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Background Acute inflammation is typically associated with an activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which results in an increase in the level of glucocorticoids within the circulation ( 1 ). In situations where this
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group) and PAI-1 (T2D group). Discussion We examined the impact of body mass and T2D on average daily concentrations and the diurnal rhythms of plasma glucose, TAG and ten hormones related to glucose regulation and inflammation under controlled
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addition to inflammatory mediators, dysregulation of metabolism is an important contributor to inflammatory cachexia (2) . Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that modulate metabolism and inflammation
