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Sheila Leone Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Lucia Recinella Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Annalisa Chiavaroli Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Claudio Ferrante Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Giustino Orlando Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Michele Vacca Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Luigi Brunetti Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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in the top-centre of a cage (35 × 20 × 13 cm) and connected to a computer. Separate video frames were acquired with a highly accurate, programmable, monochrome frame grabber board (Data TranslationTM, type DT3153). The apparatuses were purchased from

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A Rehfeld Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark

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D L Egeberg Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark

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K Almstrup Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark

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J H Petersen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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S Dissing Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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N E Skakkebæk Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark

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motorized stage (37°C) of an Olympus BX41 microscope with a 20× phase contrast objective (Olympus). The microscope was connected to a computer running the Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Image House Sperm Motility Analysis System (CRISMAS), version 8.0.5919 CASA

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Hanna Karhapää Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Siru Mäkelä Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Hanna Laurén Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Marjut Jaakkola Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland

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Micaela Hernberg Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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endocrinopathies, there are signs that endocrine AEs may be connected to better treatment responses translating into improved overall survival (OS) ( 12 , 13 ). At the same time, endocrine AEs may be permanent and require lifelong medication ( 8 ). These findings

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Gabriella Oliveira Lima Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Alex Luiz Menezes da Silva Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Julianne Elba Cunha Azevedo Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Chirlene Pinheiro Nascimento Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Luana Rodrigues Vieira Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Akira Otake Hamoy Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Luan Oliveira Ferreira Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Verônica Regina Lobato Oliveira Bahia Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Nilton Akio Muto Amazon Bioactive Compounds Valorization Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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Moisés Hamoy Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

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surgery, the electrodes were connected to a digital data acquisition system consisting of a high-impedance amplifier (Grass technologies, P511), an oscilloscope (Protek, 6510), and a board for data acquisition and digitization (National Instruments, Austin

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Thorben Hoffmann Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Yousef Ashraf Tawfik Morcos Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Ruth Janoschek Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Eva-Maria Turnwald Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Antje Gerken Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Annette Müller Center for Pediatric Pathology at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Gerhard Sengle Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany

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Jörg Dötsch Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Sarah Appel Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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found decreased asprosin concentrations in maternal and fetal umbilical plasma. Asprosin was shown to be an orexigenic hormone produced by white adipose tissue ( 1 , 2 ) and smoking often has been demonstrated to be connected to anorexigenic effects

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Ru-Xuan Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Sha Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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calculate the final value. We also ensured that the maximum diameter of the bilateral lens and the inner segment of the optic nerve was present on the same side. We then connected the outer edges of the orbit, measuring the vertical distance from the most

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Antonella Giampietro Pituitary Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione A Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

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Sabrina Chiloiro Pituitary Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione A Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

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Claudio Urbani Endocrinology II Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

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Rosario Pivonello Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Sezione Di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy

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Martin Ove Carlsson Global Medical Affairs, Pfizer Rare Disease, Brussels, Belgium

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Francesca Dassie Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Nunzia Prencipe Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

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Marta Ragonese Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Roy Gomez Global Medical Affairs, Pfizer Rare Disease, Brussels, Belgium

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Simona Granato Medical Department, Pfizer Italia, Rome, Italy

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Salvatore Cannavò Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Silvia Grottoli Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

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Pietro Maffei Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Annamaria Colao Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Sezione Di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy

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Fausto Bogazzi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Antonio Bianchi Pituitary Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione A Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

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of pegvisomant were required to normalize serum IGF-1 levels in patients with high IGF-1 at baseline ( 18 , 20 , 28 , 29 ). In our analysis, pegvisomant dose and baseline IGF-1 were strictly connected. Pegvisomant dose over time was higher in

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Andre Madsen Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Lise Aksglaede Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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controls. Lines represent mean (±1 and ±2 SD). Prepubertal boys with KS are indicated with black dots, connected by lines in cases of longitudinal monitoring of the same individual. Body height was equally distributed through the reference range

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Magdaléna Fořtová Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Lenka Hanousková Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Martin Valkus Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jana Čepová Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Richard Průša Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Karel Kotaška Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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connected to the membrane, and therefore, it acts like a hormone rather than a cell surface receptor. The primary target organs of FGF23 are the kidneys and the parathyroid glands ( 2 , 11 ). The target organs for FGF23 are defined by the coexpression of

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Carlijn A Hoekx Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Borja Martinez-Tellez Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain

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Maaike E Straat Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Magdalena M A Verkleij Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Mirjam Kemmeren Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Sander Kooijman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Martin Uhrbom Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Campus Flemingsberg, Neo Building, Huddinge, Sweden

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Saskia C A de Jager Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Patrick C N Rensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Mariëtte R Boon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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( t  = 45, 65, and 180 min) using a cuff connected to a digital blood pressure device (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles, NY, USA). Randomization Participants were randomized to decide in which order the participant underwent the two study days, either

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