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Huntingtin-interacting protein 14 gene is located on chromosome 12 and encodes for a palmitoyl transferase, which is involved in the metabolism and trafficking of proteins met with neurons. Knockdown of the genes in mice revealed increased apoptosis for
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assessing fibrosis of some organs, such as the heart and liver ( 10 , 11 ). Typical thyroid lesions of AIT patients include diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with germinal center formation, fibrosis and apoptosis of thyroid epithelial cells ( 12 ). The
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secreted from pancreatic cells. PANDER has been shown to influence glycolipid metabolism by inducing apoptosis in pancreatic β cells, inhibiting insulin secretion ( 6 , 7 , 8 ), promoting hepatic glucose production, and stimulating lipogenesis ( 9 , 10
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to β-cell dedifferentiation rather than apoptosis, because the relatively low rate of apoptosis may not fully explain the loss of β-cell mass. β-cell dedifferentiation is characterized by decreased expression of specific genes that maintain the
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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action Ref Leptin Remodeling of the endometrial epithelium (human) Stimulating proliferation and enhancing Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in EECs (39) Repairing endometrial epithelium after embryo implantation (human) ND (39
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apoptosis of cardiomyocytes ( 29 ). In addition, SDF-1 can aggravate cardiac remodeling and worsen cardiac function by enhancing the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and collagen production ( 30 ). Correspondingly, plasma SDF-1 levels can serve as a
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), ( 19 ) which influences the energy supply required for insulin secretion ( 20 ). Moreover, mitochondrial function becomes impaired, which induces endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ER stress), leading to β-cell apoptosis ( 21 , 22 ). In the
Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leadership Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Pathology, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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the mouse model of the ter Braak et al . paper, loss of p53 function by mutation could have prevented the effect of insulin to inhibit apoptosis via PI3K/Akt-mediated suppression of p53 ( 26 , 37 ). Importantly, in the latter study, carcinosarcoma
Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Genetic Medicine, 5th Floor Research, Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Genetic Medicine, 5th Floor Research, Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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perinuclear region (5) . The function of CCDC8 is unknown, but it binds to OBSL1 (3) and is required for p53-mediated apoptosis (6) . The mechanisms leading to the growth impairment seen in 3-M syndrome remain unclear, but are likely to relate to
Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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regulation of various processes, such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, aging and apoptosis ( 10 , 12 ). miRNAs are estimated to regulate the expression of more than 60% of protein-coding genes ( 9 ); consequently, changes in their