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Weiwei Liang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Yilin Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Yan Guo Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Pengyuan Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Jiewen Jin Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Hongyu Guan Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Yanbing Li Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in the endocrine system around the globe, being classified into three main histological subtypes: differentiated (papillary and follicular thyroid cancer), undifferentiated (poorly

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Eugenie S Lim Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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Shanty G Shah Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK

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Mona Waterhouse Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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Scott Akker Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK

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William Drake Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK

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Nick Plowman Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK

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Daniel M Berney Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK

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Polly Richards Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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Ashok Adams Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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Ewa Nowosinska Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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Carmel Brennan Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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Maralyn Druce Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK

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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most frequently occurring endocrine cancer and its incidence has been increasing steadily in men and women over the last few decades ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). DTC includes papillary thyroid cancer

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Alexander Heinzel RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aachen, Germany

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Dirk Müller Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Hanneke M van Santen Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Sarah C Clement Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Arthur B Schneider University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

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Frederik A Verburg Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Würzburg, Germany

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Introduction Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) who received radiation therapy to the cervical region (cranial/ cranio-spinal or chest) are at increased risk of developing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) among other malignancies. Long

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C Chiapponi Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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H Alakus Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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M Faust Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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A M Schultheis Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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J Rosenbrock Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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M Schmidt Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is often diagnosed postoperatively after resection of sonographic and/or cytological suspicious thyroid nodules. Since its prognosis is excellent in most cases, the main goals of surgery are

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Joana Simões-Pereira Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Daniel Macedo Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Maria João Bugalho Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Introduction Thyroid cancer usually has a favorable prognosis with a reported 10-year survival for differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinoma of approximately 80–95% ( 1 ) and 68–85% ( 2 , 3 ), respectively. Distant metastases occur in a

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Nassim Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Christina Angelika Passegger Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Laura Nebel Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Fabian Krismer Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Gudrun Herzer-Schneidhofer Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Gert Schwach Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Roswitha Pfragner Otto Loewi Research Center – Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Introduction Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare thyroid tumour arising from neural-crest-derived parafollicular thyroid C cells, accounting for about 5–8% of all thyroid cancers and may occur sporadic (70–80% of cases) or hereditary (20

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Yuting Shao Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Xiaole Hu Department of Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China

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Yuxi Wang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People’s Hospital of Mengyin County, Linyi, Shandong, China

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Yi Shao Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Luchuan Li Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Qingdong Zeng Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Hong Lai Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Lei Sheng Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

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Introduction The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased rapidly and has ranked the seventh in cancer incidence among female in the United States in 2023 ( 1 ). In China, thyroid cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in female

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Ana P Estrada-Flórez Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultad de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia

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Mabel E Bohórquez Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultad de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia

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Alejandro Vélez Dinamica IPS, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Carlos S Duque Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Jorge H Donado Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Gilbert Mateus Hospital Federico Lleras Acosta, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia

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Cesar Panqueba-Tarazona Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia

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Guadalupe Polanco-Echeverry Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

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Ruta Sahasrabudhe Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

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Magdalena Echeverry Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultad de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia

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Luis G Carvajal-Carmona Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
Dinamica IPS, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
Fundación de Genética y Genómica, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

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Introduction In the United States and several other countries, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has significantly increased in recent decades ( 1 ). PTC is now the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy among US Latinas ( 2

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Marco Marino Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Valentina Cirello Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Valentina Gnarini Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Carla Colombo Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Elisa Pignatti Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Livio Casarini Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Chiara Diazzi Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Vincenzo Rochira Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Katia Cioni Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Bruno Madeo Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Cesare Carani Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Manuela Simoni Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
Unit and Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Genomic Research, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrine Unit, Azienda USL of Modena, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy

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Introduction Thyroid cancers can be well-differentiated, as papillary and follicular subtypes, or poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents up to 80% of all the thyroid cancer cases. Various

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Pan Chen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Liqin Pan Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Wensi Huang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Huijuan Feng Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Wei Ouyang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Juqing Wu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Jing Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Yuying Deng Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Jiaxin Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Yanying Chen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Introduction Over the last decades, thyroid cancer has been the fastest growing and most prevalent endocrine malignancy worldwide. The Cancer Center of China has recently reported that thyroid cancer was the eighth most common cancer and

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