Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Sirazum Choudhury in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Tricia Tan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Katharine Lazarus in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Karim Meeran in
Google Scholar
PubMed
cortisol leading to steroid exposure at detrimental times in the day and finally, differences in the biological actions of oral synthetic glucocorticoids versus endogenous cortisol. Interrogation of the EU-AIR registry demonstrated a higher mortality of 1
Search for other papers by Jana Ernst in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Katharina Gert in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Frank Bernhard Kraus in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ulrike Elisabeth Rolle-Kampczyk in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Martin Wabitsch in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Faramarz Dehghani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kristina Schaedlich in
Google Scholar
PubMed
an enzyme machinery enabling them for the de novo synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol ( 8 ). Androgenic steroids exhibit a positive gradient from blood to adipose tissue with the precursor androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone as
Search for other papers by Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alan D Rogol in
Google Scholar
PubMed
subsequent production of sex steroids, non-steroidal factors and gametes ( 1 , 2 ). Although the HPG axis awakens in late childhood, the external signs of pubertal maturation: early breast development (Tanner stage II) and an increase in testicular volume
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Search for other papers by Supitcha Patjamontri in
Google Scholar
PubMed
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
Search for other papers by Alexander Spiers in
Google Scholar
PubMed
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK
Search for other papers by Rachel B Smith in
Google Scholar
PubMed
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
Search for other papers by Chen Shen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jo Adaway in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Brian G Keevil in
Google Scholar
PubMed
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK
Search for other papers by Mireille B Toledano in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S Faisal Ahmed in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction Pubertal progress is accompanied by a steady increase in a wide range of sex steroids that are produced by the adrenal glands and the gonads. The increase of serum testosterone and free testosterone during puberty is well
INSERM, University of Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Endocrinology, Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France
Search for other papers by Milène Tetsi Nomigni in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sophie Ouzounian in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alice Benoit in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jacqueline Vadrot in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Frédérique Tissier in
Google Scholar
PubMed
INSERM, University of Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Endocrinology, Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France
Search for other papers by Sylvie Renouf in
Google Scholar
PubMed
INSERM, University of Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Endocrinology, Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France
INSERM, University of Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Endocrinology, Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France
Search for other papers by Hervé Lefebvre in
Google Scholar
PubMed
INSERM, University of Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Endocrinology, Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France
Search for other papers by Sophie Christin-Maitre in
Google Scholar
PubMed
INSERM, University of Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Endocrinology, Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Endocrinology, INSERM, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France
Search for other papers by Estelle Louiset in
Google Scholar
PubMed
expression pattern of steroidogenic enzymes and determined the steroid secretion profile using cultured oncocytic cells. We could demonstrate that the oncocytic cells co-secreted cortisol and androgens, harboring therefore an intermediate steroidogenic
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Search for other papers by Letícia Ribeiro Oliveira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Carlos Alberto Longui in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Search for other papers by Guilherme Guaragna-Filho in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Search for other papers by José Luiz Costa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rafael Lanaro in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by David Antônio Silva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Maria Izabel Chiamolera in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering (CBMEG), UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Search for other papers by Maricilda Palandi de Mello in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by André Moreno Morcillo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Search for other papers by Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Search for other papers by Gil Guerra-Junior in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction The determination of steroid hormone concentration, which is part of the initial approach in the diagnosis of disorders of sex development (DSD), is one of the challenges in pediatric endocrinology ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Based on the
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Sophie Howarth in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Luca Giovanelli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Catherine Napier in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Simon H Pearce in
Google Scholar
PubMed
as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune hypothyroidism and pernicious anaemia. Complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors gives rise to immune-mediated destruction of the steroid-producing cells of the adrenal cortex. As in type 1 diabetes
Search for other papers by Ingeborg Brønstad in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lars Breivik in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Search for other papers by Paal Methlie in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Anette S B Wolff in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eirik Bratland in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ingrid Nermoen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Search for other papers by Kristian Løvås in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Search for other papers by Eystein S Husebye in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction The CYP21A2 gene encodes the enzyme steroid 21-hydroxylase (21OH), which is essential for steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex. Mutations in CYP21A2 are the main cause of the autosomal recessive disorder congenital adrenal
Search for other papers by Yiyan Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yaoyao Dong in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yinghui Fang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yao Lv in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qiqi Zhu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiaoheng Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Qingquan Lian in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ren-Shan Ge in
Google Scholar
PubMed
adding 2 mL ice-cold ether into reaction tubes. The tubes were vortexed vigorously for 1 min and the steroids were extracted with ether. Then, the ether layer was transferred into a glass tube and was dried up under nitrogen. The steroids were plotted
Search for other papers by Elizabeth Micks in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Greta B Raglan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Research, University of Washington, Box 356460, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, USA
Search for other papers by Jay Schulkin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction Progesterone, progestins, and progestogens Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone first identified and characterized by Willard Myron Allen in 1933. C-21 steroid hormones contain 21 carbons and are also referred to as pregnanes. This