Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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diabetes insipidus (DI) are common complications ( 13 , 14 ). PAs are classified into clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) to clinical prolactinoma (PRL)-, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-, growth hormone (GH)- or thyroid
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-hydroxylase deficiency ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) Classic Anatomic factors affecting sexual functioning Elevated androgens aromatised to oestrogens affecting HPG axis Elevated androgens directly inhibiting folliculogenesis Preferential
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though they did not complain about any symptoms. Weight gain was considered related to NFPMA if central hypogonadism or central hypothyroidism was present. Menstrual disorders and sexual dysfunction were attributed to NFPMA only if central hypogonadism
Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
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Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Introduction Testosterone therapy (TTh) is prescribed to hypogonadal men to correct testosterone levels and alleviate symptoms that result from its deficiency. Benefits include improved sexual function and quality of life ( 1 ), improvements
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tyrosine kinase receptor, is expressed in Rathke's pouch and ventral diencephalon in the developing human embryo (5) . PROKR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor essential for normal olfactory bulb development and sexual maturation in mice (6) , and it is
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testosterone to oestradiol is vital to reach and maintain bone mass, and the long-term effects of SERM administration on bone health in hypo- or eugonadal men have not been established. Also, there is evidence that sexual function in men depends on the combined
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Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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testicular endocrine impairment ( 58 ). Serum INSL3 reflects chronic hypogonadal status and is associated with reduced sexual function, BMD, and physical activity, as well as increased occurrence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition ( 1 ) and is often characterized by a decline in kidney function over time. Generally, a higher prevalence of CKD is found in women, while men with CKD have a higher
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). Conversely, estrogens reduce hepatic IGF-I production, consequently enhancing GH secretion and inhibit the function of the GH receptor ( 4 ). In addition, somatostatin also plays a role in the sexual dimorphism of GH secretion ( 5 ). Indeed, high levels of
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Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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strengths and limitations. The major strength of our study was the long follow-up period of 8 years, enabling us to assess the contribution of pubertal maturation to sexual dimorphism in HPA-axis functioning. Moreover, participants were recruited from a