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Henryk F Urbanski Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Kevin Mueller Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA

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Cynthia L Bethea Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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hormone levels were observed, there was no obvious difference between the E-treated animals and placebo controls. Materials and methods Animals This study was approved by the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) Institutional Animal

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D Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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A R M Granata Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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M Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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of studies Controlled clinical trials in which FSH was administered for male idiopathic infertility, compared with placebo or no treatment. Randomization was not considered as inclusion criterion, thus both randomized and non-RCTs were reviewed. Type

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C L Bodinham
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L Smith
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E L Thomas Nutrition, Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Metabolism and Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK

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J D Bell Nutrition, Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Metabolism and Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK

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J R Swann Nutrition, Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Metabolism and Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK

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A Costabile Nutrition, Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Metabolism and Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK

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D Russell-Jones
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A M Umpleby
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M D Robertson
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Randomised Controlled Trial Number 10727538. Study design The study was carried out as a single-blind, randomized dietary intervention crossover study, comparing RS derived from maize with a placebo that was matched for available carbohydrate content

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Monika Bilic Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Huma Qamar Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Akpevwe Onoyovwi Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Jill Korsiak Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Eszter Papp Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Abdullah Al Mahmud Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Rosanna Weksberg Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Alison D Gernand Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

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Jennifer Harrington Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

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Daniel E Roth Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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and comparisons of IGF-I concentrations in the study population to reference populations in higher resource settings. Materials and methods This was a sub-study nested within a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, the Maternal

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Vito Francic Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin Keppel Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

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Verena Schwetz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Christian Trummer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Marlene Pandis Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Valentin Borzan Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin R Grübler Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Nicolas D Verheyen Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Marcus E Kleber Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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Graciela Delgado Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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Angela P Moissl Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

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Benjamin Dieplinger Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz, Linz, Austria

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Winfried März Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Germany GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany

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Andreas Tomaschitz Specialist Clinic of Rehabilitation Bad Gleichenberg, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria

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Stefan Pilz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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investigated a vitamin D intervention in hypertensive patients enrolled in the randomized, placebo-controlled Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial. In addition, we investigated sST2 concentrations measured cross-sectionally in hypertensive patients of the LURIC

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Vita Birzniece School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

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Teresa Lam School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Mark McLean School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Navneeta Reddy Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Haleh Shahidipour School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Amy Hayden School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Howard Gurney Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Glenn Stone School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia

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Rikke Hjortebjerg Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Jan Frystyk Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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12615000778583). Experimental design Fifteen patients were randomised to receive either metformin or placebo first using a computer random assignment programme. Each treatment was for 6 weeks. Study endpoints were assessed at baseline, after 6 weeks of

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Brendan J Nolan Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Aviva S Frydman Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Shalem Y Leemaqz College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Meg Carroll Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Jeffrey D Zajac Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Ada S Cheung Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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anticipated that self-selected individuals commencing progesterone may have experienced a placebo effect, driving the outcomes in the direction of a progesterone-associated benefit. Although this is speculative, at least we have no reason to suspect that the

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Esben S Lauritzen The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark

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Nikolaj Rittig The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark

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Ermina Bach The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark

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Niels Møller The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark

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Mette Bjerre The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

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methods Study protocol 1 The study ( 22 ) was designed as a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial with two different study days. Eight males, with BMI between 22 and 26 kg/m 2 (median 23 kg/m 2 ), age between 25 and 32 years (median 26 years

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Natalio García-Honduvilla Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain

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Alberto Cifuentes Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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Miguel A Ortega Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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Marta Pastor Biopraxis Research AIE, Álava, Spain

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Garazi Gainza Biopraxis Research AIE, Álava, Spain

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Eusebio Gainza Biopraxis Research AIE, Álava, Spain

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Julia Buján Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain

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Melchor Álvarez-Mon Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University Center of Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), Madrid, Spain
Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

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treatment of the skin defects Both placebo (physiological saline) and rhEGF (Nepidermina, Praxis Pharmaceutical S.A. Madrid, Spain) at determined doses were administered by subcutaneous perilesional injection in four points and by intralesional injection

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Xiaoli Jin Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jiankang Shen Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Tao Liu Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ru Zhou Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xunbo Huang Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Tianxiang Wang Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Weize Wu Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Mingliang Wang Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Rongli Xie Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jianming Yuan Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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days before operation, whereas the control group was administered a placebo. The placebo was consistent in appearance with calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol. The serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH concentrations were reevaluated in all patients on the

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