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Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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of the included patients received any kind of glucocorticoid medication before testing. Cross-sectional imaging studies Before AVS, all patients underwent imaging examination, including CT or MRI. All images were reviewed and confirmed by two
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study start. Exclusion criteria were known pituitary and/or adrenal gland disease; current glucocorticoid therapy (including inhalations, nasal sprays, skin creams, etc.); hypertension or use of antihypertensive drugs; smoking or other tobacco use
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Introduction Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is caused by prolonged and inappropriate exposure of tissues to glucocorticoids ( 1 ). Endogenous CS often poses considerable diagnostic challenges. Most guidelines recommend two different tests to screen
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Medicine Department, Basque Country University, Bilbao, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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) in whom PA (normal plasma aldosterone (PAC)/renin ratio) and glucocorticoid excess (cortisol post-dexamethasone suppression test <1.8 µg/dL) was excluded, were included as control groups. Two control groups were established: one group <65 years old
Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), School of Pharmacy, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Medical School, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol, decreasing mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid levels and increasing progesterone and 17-OHP levels ( 5 , 6 ). Clinically, CAH is divided into classical and
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substantial amount of evidence indicates increased catecholamine secretion as well as the abnormal release of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in hypertension ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ). There
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Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-10-1070 ) 28 Arlt W Lang K Sitch AJ Dietz AS Rhayem Y Bancos I Feuchtinger A Chortis V Gilligan LC Ludwig P , et al. Steroid metabolome analysis reveals prevalent glucocorticoid excess in primary