Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for other papers by Pravik Solanki in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for other papers by Beng Eu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jeremy Smith in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Carolyn Allan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kevin Lee in
Google Scholar
PubMed
testosterone replacement therapy ( 5 ). The severity of ASIH depends on the type, combination, timeframe and dosages of AAS being abused, which can vary considerably between abusers ( 6 ). Up to 90% may combine various forms of AAS, otherwise known as
Search for other papers by Huda M Elsharkasi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Suet C Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lewis Steell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, UK
Search for other papers by Shuko Joseph in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Naiemh Abdalrahaman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Christie McComb in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Blair Johnston in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by John Foster in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sze Choong Wong in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S Faisal Ahmed in
Google Scholar
PubMed
, fracture history, use of oral contraceptives and physical activity. Among the male participants, three had asthma and used glucocorticoid inhaler, and one had eczema that did not require any glucocorticoid therapy. Among the female participants, three had
Search for other papers by Sonja Kunz in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xiao Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Uta Ferrari in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michael Drey in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marily Theodoropoulou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Katharina Schilbach in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Martin Reincke in
Google Scholar
PubMed
KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
Search for other papers by Margit Heier in
Google Scholar
PubMed
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Annette Peters in
Google Scholar
PubMed
German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Search for other papers by Wolfgang Koenig in
Google Scholar
PubMed
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
Search for other papers by Tanja Zeller in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Barbara Thorand in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Martin Bidlingmaier in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Masjkur J Tsatsaronis G Mangelis A Williams TA Reincke M , et al . Reference intervals for plasma concentrations of adrenal steroids measured by LC-MS/MS: impact of gender, age, oral contraceptives, body mass index and blood pressure status
Search for other papers by Feifei Cheng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Noel Yat Hey Ng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Claudia Ha Ting Tam in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Yuying Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Cadmon King Poo Lim in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Guozhi Jiang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alex Chi Wai Ng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tiffany Tse Ling Yau in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lai Ping Cheung in
Google Scholar
PubMed
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Aimin Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Juliana C N Chan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Search for other papers by Ronald C W Ma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
and 2006 ( 17 ). All control subjects had regular menstrual cycles and had no hirsutism or ultrasound features of polycystic ovaries. Exclusion criteria for both groups included the use of oral contraceptives or corticosteroids within the past 3 months
Search for other papers by Katica Bajuk Studen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marija Pfeifer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
( 2 ). Our group was the first to report that spironolactone treatment improved endothelial dysfunction in non-obese, non-insulin-resistant PCOS patients ( 136 ). Combined oral contraceptives are frequently used in PCOS due to their effectiveness in
Search for other papers by Yunting Lin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Endi Song in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Han Jin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yong Jin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
hypertension . Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular 2018 35 24 – 29 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hipert.2017.03.002 ) 6 Enea C Laffetas P Pichon A & Delpech N . Arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in young women: the effects of oral contraceptive
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Andre Madsen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Anders Juul in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Lise Aksglaede in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Petersen JH Andersson AM & Juul A . Sex, age, pubertal development and use of oral contraceptives in relation to serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, Delta4-androstenedione, testosterone and their ratios in children
Search for other papers by Filippo Ceccato in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Elisa Selmin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Chiara Sabbadin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Miriam Dalla Costa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Giorgia Antonelli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mario Plebani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mattia Barbot in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Corrado Betterle in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marco Boscaro in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Carla Scaroni in
Google Scholar
PubMed
voluntary adults recruited among hospital employees and their family members; none of them were taking exogenous glucocorticoids or drugs that might interfere with the HPA axis; female volunteers were not taking oral or transdermal contraceptives and were
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Hans Valdemar López Krabbe in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Jørgen Holm Petersen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Fertility, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Louise Laub Asserhøj in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Trine Holm Johannsen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Peter Christiansen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Rikke Beck Jensen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Line Hartvig Cleemann in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Casper P Hagen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Lærke Priskorn in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Niels Jørgensen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Katharina M Main in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Anders Juul in
Google Scholar
PubMed
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Lise Aksglaede in
Google Scholar
PubMed
luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) combined with unmeasurable inhibin B, which reflects their primary testicular defect ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Reduced testosterone concentrations may contribute to the well-known reduction of bone mineral
Search for other papers by R H M Dykgraaf in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by S Schalekamp-Timmermans in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by M C Adank in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by S A A van den Berg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by B M N van de Lang-Born in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by T I M Korevaar in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A Kumar in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by B Kalra in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by G V Savjani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by E A P Steegers in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Y V Louwers in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J S E Laven in
Google Scholar
PubMed
different AMH expression. Due to low FSH levels, the growth of the small follicles is slower and the granulosa cell mass seems to be less resulting in lower AMH levels ( 44 ). Moreover, combined oral contraceptive pill use suppresses the hypothalamic