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Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan
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DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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inconsistent findings regarding the association between subclinical or overt primary hypothyroidism and NAFLD ( 2 , 3 ). While a significant positive association was reported between variably defined hypothyroidism and NAFLD in one meta-analysis ( 3 ), no
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to determine the most accurate vitamin D level to predict subclinical hyperparathyroidism (SHT). The cut-off point with maximum sensitivity and specificity in the ROC curve was defined as the minimum value in the equation ((1 − sensitivity) 2 + (1
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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that target the metabolic aspect of PCOS are available. As most PCOS patients are in the reproductive age and thus rather young, they rarely present with overt CVD; as a result, biomarkers of subclinical and early dysfunction of the heart and vascular
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of 700 births in the USA ( 2 ). Patients with DS are at an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction, with overt or subclinical hypothyroidism being the most common, with an estimated frequency of 400 to 1950 in 10,000 ( 3 ). Although the incidence of GD
Division of Endocrinology, Division of Nephrology, Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Division of Nephrology, Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Division of Nephrology, Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine
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Objective
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can display the features of endogenous hypercortisolism but are difficult to evaluate for Cushing's syndrome. We evaluated the circadian rhythm of plasma compared with salivary cortisol in subjects with ESRD.
Design
Plasma and salivary cortisol and plasma ACTH samples were drawn frequently over 24 h in an inpatient research unit in stable ESRD subjects on daytime chronic hemodialysis (n=16) vs controls (n=8).
Methods
Plasma cortisol was measured every 2 h from 0800 to 0600 h the following day. Salivary cortisol was measured every 2 h, except between 2400 and 0400 h (sleep time). Plasma ACTH measured in a subset of samples and C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured as a marker of a subclinical inflammatory state in all subjects.
Results
ESRD subjects had a discernable circadian rhythm in plasma and salivary cortisol, but with a significantly higher nadir (1800–2400 h) compared with the controls (P=0.016–<0.001). After excluding four ESRD subjects without a normal circadian rhythm, the ESRD subjects still had higher nadir plasma and salivary cortisol and plasma ACTH compared with controls. There was no difference in the correlation of salivary and plasma cortisol in control vs ESRD subjects. ESRD subjects had higher CRP levels compared with controls.
Conclusions
ESRD subjects had increased late-night plasma and salivary cortisol and plasma ACTH levels. Late-night salivary cortisol is a reliable index of plasma cortisol in ESRD patients.
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Objectives: The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has increased worldwide over the last decades mainly due to the lowering of screening thresholds, resulting in an increased identification of newborns with transient CH. Several studies reported the prevalence and the predictive parameters of transient CH but reports on the long-term outcome are rare. This study aimed to assess the long-term course of neonates with transient CH.
Design: Neonates diagnosed with transient and permanent CH between the years 1998 to 2018 at the Pediatric Endocrine Institute of Ha'Emek Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Data were retrieved retrospectively from medical files.
Results: Included in the study were 76 newborns (45M,59%) with transient CH and 53 (25M,47%) with permanent CH. The major cause of transient CH was prematurity (29%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (30%). During retrospective follow-ups of up to 23 years, reinitiation of LT4 therapy was not required apart from four patients with underlying syndromic etiologies. Neurodevelopmental impairment occurred in 16% of children with transient CH compared with 29.4% in the permanent CH group.
Conclusions: Transient CH is frequent among preterm infants but is limited to infancy. SCH frequently presents as overt hypothyroidism at birth but in most cases the requirement for LT4 supplemental therapy is limited to the first years of life, suggesting that long-term follow-up of thyroid function tests may be unnecessary for non-syndromic children. The high rate of neurodevelopmental impairment in newborns with transient CH emphasizes the need for neurodevelopmental monitoring in these patients.
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started in patients with either subclinical (high TSH with normal fT4) or overt hypothyroidism (subnormal fT4 and increased TSH). There is no consensus on the timing to start or discontinue therapy based on TSH concentrations in children and adolescents
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Community Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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National Cancer Registry, Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel
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benign disease ( 23 ). TSH suppression therapy caused a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism and is a part of TC treatment. The current study does not have any data on the exact dosages of levothyroxine or the TSH-suppressive levels that were achieved
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Groups n Low/suppressed TSH NTIS Overt and subclinical thyrotoxicosis Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism Other findings July Sun et al. Retrospective 336 Unselected COVID-19 + 336 NR NR NR NR Lower TSH levels
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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subclinical CS, ACS has a much higher prevalence than overt CS, affecting up to 2% of the adult population ( 3 ). Despite the suspected link between subclinical and overt CS, evidence suggests that progression to overt CS is rare ( 1 ). Even though typical