Hoda Gad
Hoda Gad
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Einas Elgassim
Einas Elgassim
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Ibrahim Mohammed
Ibrahim Mohammed
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York, USA
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Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York, USA
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Ahmad Yaser Alhaddad
Ahmad Yaser Alhaddad
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Hussein Ahmed Hussein Zaky Aly
Hussein Ahmed Hussein Zaky Aly
KINDI Center for computing research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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John-John Cabibihan
John-John Cabibihan
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abdulaziz Al-Ali
Abdulaziz Al-Ali
KINDI Center for computing research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Aliyaa Haji
Aliyaa Haji
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Neila Lamine
Neila Lamine
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Adnan Khan
Adnan Khan
Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ioannis N Petropoulos
Ioannis N Petropoulos
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Georgios Ponirakis
Georgios Ponirakis
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Alise Kalteniece
Alise Kalteniece
Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Maryam Ferdousi
Maryam Ferdousi
Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Shazli Azmi
Shazli Azmi
Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Uazman Alam
Uazman Alam
Diabetes and Neuropathy Research, Department of Eye and Vision Sciences and Pain Research Institute, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University NHS Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University NHS Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Wajeeha Abuhelaiqa
Wajeeha Abuhelaiqa
Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar
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Amin Jayyousi
Amin Jayyousi
Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar
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Dabia AlMohanadi
Dabia AlMohanadi
Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar
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Khaled Baagar
Khaled Baagar
Hamad Medical Corporation, National Diabetes Center, Doha, Qatar
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Rayaz A Malik
Rayaz A Malik
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018 122 165 – 175 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12870 ) 43 Jamali R Mohseni S . Hypoglycaemia causes degeneration of large myelinated nerve fibres in the vagus nerve of insulin-treated diabetic BB/Wor rats . Acta
Lukas Plachy
Lukas Plachy
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Petra Dusatkova
Petra Dusatkova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klara Maratova
Klara Maratova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Shenali Anne Amaratunga
Shenali Anne Amaratunga
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dana Zemkova
Dana Zemkova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vit Neuman
Vit Neuman
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stanislava Kolouskova
Stanislava Kolouskova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Barbora Obermannova
Barbora Obermannova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Marta Snajderova
Marta Snajderova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zdenek Sumnik
Zdenek Sumnik
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jan Lebl
Jan Lebl
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stepanka Pruhova
Stepanka Pruhova
Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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anophtalmia, PMR, cryptorchidism 2.3 −4.4 −4.0 −3.1 −3.8 2 M 13.1 −1.7 1.1 CHT, CAI, HH Pituitary hyperplasia – 3.5 −3.4 −1.3 +0.3 +1.0 3 M 10.3 BDL 0.3 CHT NA Neonatal hypoglycaemia 1.1 −5.4 −3
Marilena Nakaguma
Marilena Nakaguma
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Fernanda A Correa
Fernanda A Correa
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Lucas S Santana
Lucas S Santana
Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Anna F F Benedetti
Anna F F Benedetti
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Ricardo V Perez
Ricardo V Perez
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (HSPE-IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brasil
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Martha K P Huayllas
Martha K P Huayllas
Hospital de Transplantes Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini, São Paulo, Brasil
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Mirta B Miras
Mirta B Miras
Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Cordoba, Argentina
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Mariana F A Funari
Mariana F A Funari
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Antonio M Lerario
Antonio M Lerario
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Berenice B Mendonca
Berenice B Mendonca
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Luciani R S Carvalho
Luciani R S Carvalho
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Alexander A L Jorge
Alexander A L Jorge
Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Ivo J P Arnhold
Ivo J P Arnhold
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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measurement during hypoglycaemia and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels less than −2 SDS for age and sex. As patients were studied at different centres using different hormonal assays, normal ranges of each centre were considered. Target gene panel Genomic DNA was
Magnus F G Grøndahl
Magnus F G Grøndahl
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Jonatan I Bagger
Jonatan I Bagger
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Malte P Suppli
Malte P Suppli
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Gerrit Van Hall
Gerrit Van Hall
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nicolai J W Albrechtsen
Nicolai J W Albrechtsen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Mikkel B Christensen
Mikkel B Christensen
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Asger B Lund
Asger B Lund
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Filip K Knop
Filip K Knop
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction The peptide hormone glucagon increases hepatic glucose production and is secreted from the pancreatic alpha cells when glucose mobilisation via gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis is needed, e.g. during hypoglycaemia ( 1 ). Besides
Sophie Howarth
Sophie Howarth
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Luca Giovanelli
Luca Giovanelli
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Catherine Napier
Catherine Napier
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Simon H Pearce
Simon H Pearce
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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loss, hypoglycaemia and fatigue. Historically, the symptomatic phase was felt to be a point of no return for Addison’s patients, with a lifelong requirement for steroid replacement to avoid fatal adrenal crisis. However, a growing body of evidence
Tatiana V Novoselova
Tatiana V Novoselova
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Peter J King
Peter J King
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Leonardo Guasti
Leonardo Guasti
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Louise A Metherell
Louise A Metherell
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Adrian J L Clark
Adrian J L Clark
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Li F Chan
Li F Chan
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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( 10 ). Patients with FGD usually present in the neonatal period or early childhood with symptoms of hypocortisolaemia such as hypoglycaemia, failure to thrive, recurrent infections, collapse and seizures along with severe hyperpigmentation due to the
Molly L Tanenbaum
Molly L Tanenbaum
Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Persis V Commissariat
Persis V Commissariat
Section on Clinical, Behavioral, and Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Thiele-Schmitz S Schröder C Steigleder-Schweiger C & Holl RW . Continuous glucose monitoring versus blood glucose monitoring for risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1
Svjatoslavs Kistkins
Svjatoslavs Kistkins
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Othmar Moser
Othmar Moser
Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Vitālijs Ankudovičs
Vitālijs Ankudovičs
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Dmitrijs Blizņuks
Dmitrijs Blizņuks
Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Timurs Mihailovs
Timurs Mihailovs
Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Sergejs Lobanovs
Sergejs Lobanovs
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Harald Sourij
Harald Sourij
Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Andreas F H Pfeiffer
Andreas F H Pfeiffer
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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Valdis Pīrāgs
Valdis Pīrāgs
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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comparing the cross-interactions of incretins such as GLP-1 and pancreatic hormones − insulin and glucagon − during the caloric restriction with postprandial hormonal changes ( Fig. 1 ). In a state of hypoglycaemia, increased glucagon secretion prompts the
Punith Kempegowda
Punith Kempegowda
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Eka Melson
Eka Melson
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Agnes Johnson
Agnes Johnson
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lucy Wallett
Lucy Wallett
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lucretia Thomas
Lucretia Thomas
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Dengyi Zhou
Dengyi Zhou
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Catherine Holmes
Catherine Holmes
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Agata Juszczak
Agata Juszczak
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Mohammed Ali Karamat
Mohammed Ali Karamat
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Sandip Ghosh
Sandip Ghosh
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Wasim Hanif
Wasim Hanif
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Parth Narendran
Parth Narendran
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Srikanth Bellary
Srikanth Bellary
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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hypoglycaemia (glucose < 4 mmol/L), hypokalaemia (K+ < 3.5 mmol/L) and hyperkalaemia (K+ > 5.5 mmol/L) during DKA episodes were also recorded. In cases where the same patient was included twice in the data set for separate DKA episodes, the episodes were
Fiona Broughton Pipkin
Fiona Broughton Pipkin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Hiten D Mistry
Hiten D Mistry
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Chandrima Roy
Chandrima Roy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Bernhard Dick
Bernhard Dick
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Jason Waugh
Jason Waugh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Rebecca Chikhi
Rebecca Chikhi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Lesia O Kurlak
Lesia O Kurlak
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Markus G Mohaupt
Markus G Mohaupt
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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birth weight due to congenital infections such as cytomegalovirus, dysmorphism, twins, severe cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease, acute infections, hyaline membrane disease or other respiratory disease, jaundice, hypoglycaemia or with a history of
