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-induced decline in bone formation is associated with an increased fracture risk related both to the dose and duration of GC treatment ( 2 ). Recent studies on bone mineral density (BMD) in PAI and CAH patients showed different results. This may be not only due to
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studies. Figure 2 Flow diagram of the literature review process and selection of studies. Consequences of rhGH cessation and replacement during transition Bone mass and risk of fracture Bone mass Cross-sectional and
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tomography was significantly higher in comparison to natural menopause women. In addition, risk of osteoporotic fracture may be increased in women who undergo bilateral oophorectomy after natural menopause in comparison to women with intact ovaries (6, 7
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( 8 , 9 , 10 ). In 2014, the Canadian National Hypoparathyroidism Registry started collecting medical data, including fracture risk, mortality and comorbidities ( 11 ). In a retrospective study design, they were able to evaluate the medical history
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical, Fujian, China
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States, OP affects approximately 10 million people, including 2 million men ( 2 ). It is estimated that one in five white men will suffer from osteoporosis-related fractures in their lifetimes ( 3 ). In China, the overall prevalence rate of OP in people
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measure BMD and define osteoporosis as being ≤2.5 standard deviations ( s.d. ) of the mean BMD in young healthy females ( 1 ). Osteoporosis can cause increased bone fragility and risks of osteoporotic fractures ( 2 ). It was estimated that the annual case
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, non-vertebral and hip fractures and increases bone mineral density ( 8 ). At the same time, administering denosumab to patients with advanced cancers and bone metastases significantly decreases the incidence of skeletal-related events and hypercalcemia
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased fracture risk ( 1 , 2 , 3 ), which has aroused great concern. One of the most commonly used indicators to assess fracture risk is the bone mineral density (BMD
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Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
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Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
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to improved endothelial function, inhibition of foam cell formation and suppression of macrophage cholesterol uptake in patients with T2D (19, 20) . Vitamin D's effect on bone health (fractures and bone mineral density (BMD)) is well established in
St Michael's Hospital, Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, Ireland
St Michael's Hospital, Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, Ireland
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-dose oral vitamin D that had falls and fractures as outcome measures, intervention resulted in increased risk of falls and fractures; in a small sample of the treated group, 25OHD levels reached an average concentration of 120 nmol/l that approximates the