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D Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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A R M Granata Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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M Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Unit of Endocrinology, Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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analysis, a surrogate fertility marker, was routinely performed using light microscopy. In all studies, semen samples were collected by masturbation, generally after 3–4 days of sexual abstinence, and liquefied at 37 °C. The other investigators (M S, A R G

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0050
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Open access
Nathalie Ly Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Sophie Dubreuil Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Philippe Touraine Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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correlation between GH levels in the follicular fluid and oocyte capacity to evolve into a good-quality embryo ( 8 ). The GH–IGF axis integrity is not mandatory for spontaneous fertility: spontaneous pregnancies have been described in women with GH

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0241
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Hajar Oghbaei Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Laura Lotz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

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Reza Zarezadeh Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mahnaz Ranjkesh Medical Radiation Science Research Group (MRSRG), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mohammad Nouri Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Amir Fattahi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Saba Nikanfar Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Ralf Dittrich Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

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-like factors called adipokines. Adipokines are a kind of cytokine that contributes to energy metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and angiogenesis, as well as, reproductive maturity and fertility ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). Regarding the latter effect, it has been

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0288
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 11
Open access
Agnieszka Adamska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Paulina Tomczuk-Bobik Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Anna Beata Popławska-Kita Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Angelika Buczyńska Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland

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Piotr Szumowski Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Łukasz Żukowski Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Janusz Myśliwiec Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Monika Zbucka-Krętowska Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland

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Marcin Adamski Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland

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Adam Jacek Krętowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland

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prognostic markers for fertility and reliable markers for the assessment of the functional ovarian reserve ( 4 , 5 , 6 ). AMH is a glycoprotein secreted by granulosa cells of the pre-antral and early antral ovarian follicles. It is involved in regulating

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0187
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 10
Open access
Liza Haqq School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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James McFarlane School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Gudrun Dieberg School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Neil Smart School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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hyperandrogenism (clinical manifestations are hirsutism, android alopecia and acne), oligo/amenorrhoea (infrequent or no menstruation), polycystic ovaries and infertility or reduced fertility (3, 4) . Often women with PCOS are obese, which contributes to insulin

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0010
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 1
Open access
Jennifer K Y Ko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Jinghua Shi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

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Raymond H W Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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William S B Yeung Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Ernest H Y Ng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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2007 23 179 – 185 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2007.00302.x ) 2 Lerchbaum E Obermayer-Pietsch B . Vitamin D and fertility: a systematic review . European Journal of Endocrinology 2012 166 765 – 778 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0444
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Nardin Aslih Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Mediea Michaeli Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Diana Mashenko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Adrian Ellenbogen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Oshrit Lebovitz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Yuval Atzmon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Einat Shalom-Paz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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P Comparison of different doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation . Fertility and Sterility 1997 67 917 – 922 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(9781407-0 ) 2 Simón C

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0435
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Claus H Gravholt Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Alberto Ferlin Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Joerg Gromoll Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Armin Raznahan Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Sophie van Rijn Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands

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Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Anne Skakkebæk Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Nicole Tartaglia Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Hanna Swaab Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands

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RCTs, focusing on advantages and drawbacks to early vs late start of TRT, including focus on issues like fertility and neurocognition. Supernumerary sex chromosome syndromes, fertility and testicular function Klinefelter syndrome has been

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0500
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Michael C Velarde Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Metro Manila, Philippines

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Mikaela Erlinda M Bucu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines

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Maria Antonia E Habana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines

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endometriosis, laparoscopic excision surgery remains an important form of treatment, especially for improving fertility in women with endometriosis ( 4 , 11 ). The difficulty in detection and the high cost of medications and treatments then become a strong

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0169
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Zhou Zheng Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Xiuming Zhang Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Fanggui Wu Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Haizhen Liao Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Huan Zhao Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Minqi Zhang Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Shangjie Liu Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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reproductive technology (ART) due to fertility problems ( 10 , 11 ). ART, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has been widely used among infertility patients ( 12 ). Substantial evidence shows that overweight

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0105
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access