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Marcus Heldmann Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Krishna Chatterjee Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Carla Moran Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Berenike Rogge Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Julia Steinhardt Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Tobias Wagner-Altendorf Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Martin Göttlich Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Hannes Schacht Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Peter Schramm Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Georg Brabant Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Endocrinology, The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Thomas F Münte Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Anna Cirkel Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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-iodothyronine (fT3)) and lipid profiles (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol). All participants were examined by an endocrinologist. Out of the nineteen RTHβ, only one patient received propranolol, one patient received calcidol postoperatively for hypoparathyroidism, one

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Melinda Kertész Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary

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Szilárd Kun Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary

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Eszter Sélley Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary

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Zsuzsanna Nagy Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary

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Tamás Kőszegi Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary

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István Wittmann Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Baranya, Hungary

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.3  HOMA-IR 2.6 ± 1.3 Thyroid  TSH (mU/L) 2.2 ± 1.2  fT3 (pmol/L) 5.2 ± 0.6  fT4 (pmol/L) 16.7 ± 2.9  fT3/fT4 0.3 ± 0.1 Blood pressure, heart rate  Systolic BP (mmHg) 134 ± 13  Diastolic BP

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Heleen I Jansen Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Marijn M Bult Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Jacquelien J Hillebrand Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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concentrations may be relevant for evaluating treatment effects if TSH cannot be used as a marker to monitor thyroidal status (e.g. in central hypothyroidism). Furthermore, a higher fT4/fT3 ratio was seen in patients using L-T4 compared to healthy controls ( 12

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Marek Niedziela Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Karol Jonscher’s Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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increased concentrations of the free thyroid hormones, fT4 and fT3. The cause of hyperthyroidism is supported by the assessment of serum TRAb, TPOAb, and TgAb. Blood pressure, heart rate, pulse rate, and electrocardiography are supplementary evaluations to

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Beibei Zhu School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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Yan Han School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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Fen Deng School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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Kun Huang School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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Shuangqin Yan Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China

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Jiahu Hao School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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Peng Zhu School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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Fangbiao Tao School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

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enzymes, type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases (D1 and D2, respectively) ( 13 ), with the rest produced directly by the thyroid gland. Therefore, the ratio of T3 (or fT3) to T4 (or fT4) is attracting attention as well but requires extensive further

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Aleksandra Krygier Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Dorota Filipowicz Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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diagnostic measurement (DRG Instruments GmbH, Germany). The thyroid gland status was characterized by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine – fT3 and free thyroxine – fT4) and autoantibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase

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Ulla Schmidt Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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Ebbe Winther Jensen Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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Jan Kvetny Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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Anne Jarløv Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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Jens Faber Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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thyroid function parameters were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassays (Immulite 2500), and intra-assay CV were TSH: 5%; T 3 : 7%; T 4 : 5%; T 3 -uptake: 4%. Free T 4 and T 3 indices (FT 4 I and FT 3 I) were calculated by multiplying the

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Peter D Mark Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Claus L Petersen Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Andreas Kjaer Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark
Department of Medicine O, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Centre of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK‐2730, Denmark

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routine methods: total T 4 and T 3 concentrations, T 3 -uptake test, and TSH. Free T 4 and T 3 indices (FT 4 I and FT 3 I) were calculated as total T 4 (T 3 ) multiplied by the T 3 -uptake test. Reference ranges for the different assays were: TSH, 0

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Verônica Carneiro Borges Mioto Thyroid Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Ana Carolina de Castro Nassif Gomes Monteiro Ultrasound Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalinda Yossie Asato de Camargo Thyroid Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Andréia Rodrigues Borel Clinic of the Paraisópolis Community Einstein Project, Jewish School of Health Sciences Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Regina Maria Catarino Hematology and Biochemistry, Center of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Sergio Kobayashi Ultrasound Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Maria Cristina Chammas Ultrasound Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Suemi Marui Thyroid Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Clinicas HCFMUSP, CAPPesq nº 01503912.8.0000.0068). Written consent was obtained from all participants. Biochemical and hormonal measurements TSH, total and free T3 (TT3 and fT3), total and free T4 (TT4 and fT4), sTg and UIC were measured in all

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Nese Cinar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Alper Gurlek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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the extent of thyroid hormone alterations in each study. The levels of ADP mRNA in the adipose tissue are decreased in hypothyroid rats compared with controls, and this decrease is in parallel with the decrease in triiodothyronine (T 3 ), T 4 , fT 3

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