Marloes Emous
Marloes Emous
Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Merel van den Broek
Merel van den Broek
Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Ragnhild B Wijma
Ragnhild B Wijma
Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Loek J M de Heide
Loek J M de Heide
Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Gertjan van Dijk
Gertjan van Dijk
GELIFES-Neurobiology, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Anke Laskewitz
Anke Laskewitz
Certe Laboratories, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Erik Totté
Erik Totté
Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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André P van Beek
André P van Beek
Centre for Obesity Northern-Netherlands (CON), Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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at every 30 min until 210 min after the meal, patients filled in symptom-related questionnaires. The mixed meal consisted of a 200 mL liquid nutrition supplement (Abbott Ensure S Plus) containing 300 kcal, 12.5 g protein, 40.4 g carbohydrate (of
Lei Lei
Lei Lei
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Yi-Hua Bai
Yi-Hua Bai
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Hong-Ying Jiang
Hong-Ying Jiang
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ting He
Ting He
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Meng Li
Meng Li
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Jia-Ping Wang
Jia-Ping Wang
Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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that INS is an insulin-encoding gene that regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the body ( 17 ). Therefore, the downregulation of INS can directly lead to the occurrence and development of diabetes ( 18 ). The HK2 gene is related to the
Kathryn Lingen
Kathryn Lingen
Close Concerns, San Francisco, California, USA
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Talia Pikounis
Talia Pikounis
Close Concerns, San Francisco, California, USA
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Natalie Bellini
Natalie Bellini
University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Diana Isaacs
Diana Isaacs
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Button ( 25 ). The Lilly Tempo Button also can integrate with Apple Health to incorporate physical activity into the data reports, and has education embedded in the mobile app. It also has a feature that provides an estimated carbohydrate count of a
Wouter W de Herder
Wouter W de Herder
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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and Gerty T Cori Radnitz Catalytic conversion of glycogen 1947 (PM) Bernardo A Houssay Anterior pituitary and carbohydrate metabolism 1939 (Ch) Adolf F J Butenandt Sex hormones 1923 (PM) Frederick G Banting, John J R Macleod Discovery of insulin 1909
B Fabre
B Fabre
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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G Maccallini
G Maccallini
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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A Oneto
A Oneto
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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D Gonzalez
D Gonzalez
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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V Hirschler
V Hirschler
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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C Aranda
C Aranda
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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G Berg
G Berg
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Laboratory, TCba Salguero Laboratory, Hospital Carlos G. Durand Nutrition Unit, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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(associated with carbohydrate intolerance), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome in the population, particularly in children, all primarily due to changes in their lifestyle (5, 6, 7) . Insulin that is actively transported to the saliva from its
Vita Birzniece
Vita Birzniece
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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Teresa Lam
Teresa Lam
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Mark McLean
Mark McLean
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Navneeta Reddy
Navneeta Reddy
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Haleh Shahidipour
Haleh Shahidipour
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Amy Hayden
Amy Hayden
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Howard Gurney
Howard Gurney
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Glenn Stone
Glenn Stone
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
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Rikke Hjortebjerg
Rikke Hjortebjerg
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jan Frystyk
Jan Frystyk
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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assessed by a 24-h recall questionnaire using FoodWorks (Xyris Software Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia). Resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates Carbohydrate and lipid oxidation, as well as resting energy expenditure (REE), were
Yang Yu
Yang Yu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Hairong Hao
Hairong Hao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Linghui Kong
Linghui Kong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Jie Zhang
Jie Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Feng Bai
Feng Bai
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Fei Guo
Fei Guo
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Pan Wei
Pan Wei
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Rui Chen
Rui Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Wen Hu
Wen Hu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Metabolite classification overview A total of 182 metabolites were identified in this study, and the mean abundance composition of each metabolite type in all the samples is shown in Fig. 3A , which shows that amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and
Selina Mäkinen
Selina Mäkinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Yen H Nguyen
Yen H Nguyen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Paulina Skrobuk
Paulina Skrobuk
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Heikki A Koistinen
Heikki A Koistinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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FB van Dam RM Liu S. Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate . Diabetologia 2001 44 805 – 817 . ( doi:10.1007/s001250100547 ) 7 Vessby B Uusitupa M Hermansen K Riccardi G
M Langeveld
M Langeveld
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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C Y Tan
C Y Tan
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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M R Soeters
M R Soeters
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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S Virtue
S Virtue
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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G K Ambler
G K Ambler
Cambridge Vascular Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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L P E Watson
L P E Watson
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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P R Murgatroyd
P R Murgatroyd
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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V K Chatterjee
V K Chatterjee
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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A Vidal-Puig
A Vidal-Puig
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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, multiplied by an activity factor of 1.35. Meal composition was 30–35% fat, 12–15% protein and 50–55% carbohydrate by energy. The participants retired to bed in the temperature controlled room (24°C) at 23:00 h and were provided with standardised light
Zhiwei Zhang
Zhiwei Zhang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Hui Zhao
Hui Zhao
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Aixia Wang
Aixia Wang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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were fed with a high-fat diet (17% fat, 47% carbohydrate and 29% protein, Harlan Teklad). The animals were housed in an air-conditioned room with controlled temperature of 22 ± 2°C and maintained on a 12 h light:12 h darkness cycle with free access to
