Eva O Melin
Eva O Melin
Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden
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Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden
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Jonatan Dereke
Jonatan Dereke
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Maria Thunander
Maria Thunander
Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
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Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
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Magnus Hillman
Magnus Hillman
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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of 433 eligible patients ( Fig. 1 ). Thus, 287 patients were included in this study. A questionnaire was used to assess self-reported depression. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure (BP) were collected. Data were collected from
N Bergmann
N Bergmann
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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F Gyntelberg
F Gyntelberg
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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J Faber
J Faber
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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) . There is no general consensus on how to measure chronic stress. Some have used physiological changes from the activation of the HPA- and SAM-axes as measures of stress: i.e. cortisol, noradrenalin, blood pressure (BP), or resting pulse (5) . However
Anastasia P Athanasoulia-Kaspar
Anastasia P Athanasoulia-Kaspar
Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Matthias K Auer
Matthias K Auer
Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Günter K Stalla
Günter K Stalla
Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Mira Jakovcevski
Mira Jakovcevski
Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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telomeres seem to be associated with age-related disease ( 7 ) as well as inflammatory states, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), poor lipid profile and high blood pressure ( 8 , 9 , 10 ). Furthermore, a variety of factors such as
Hugo R Ramos
Hugo R Ramos
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Urgencias, National University of Córdoba, X5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Andreas L Birkenfeld
Andreas L Birkenfeld
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Urgencias, National University of Córdoba, X5000 Córdoba, Argentina
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Urgencias, National University of Córdoba, X5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Urgencias, National University of Córdoba, X5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Adolfo J de Bold
Adolfo J de Bold
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Urgencias, National University of Córdoba, X5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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: hypertriglyceridemia (1.7 mmol/l), low HDL cholesterol (<1.03 mmol/l in men and <1.29 mmol/l in women), hyperglycemia (>11.1 mmol/l or a diagnosis of diabetes), hypertension (≥130/85 mmHg) or medication for high blood pressure (34, 35) . In a 12-year follow-up of 61
Riccardo Pofi
Riccardo Pofi
Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ilaria Bonaventura
Ilaria Bonaventura
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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Joanne Duffy
Joanne Duffy
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Zoe Maunsell
Zoe Maunsell
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Brian Shine
Brian Shine
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Andrea M Isidori
Andrea M Isidori
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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Jeremy W Tomlinson
Jeremy W Tomlinson
Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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assessment (salt craving, blood pressure or oedema) and measuring blood electrolytes and renin. General well-being, maintaining electrolytes in the normal range alongside a normal blood pressure without evidence of postural hypotension and achieving renin
Jia Liu
Jia Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Lin Zhang
Lin Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Jing Fu
Jing Fu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Qiu Wang
Qiu Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Guang Wang
Guang Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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pregnant, lactating, or took any medications which influence PRL, glucose, lipid, or blood pressure were excluded. In order to investigate the association between PRL and metabolic alterations in the early stages of metabolic abnormalities, participants
Satoshi Higuchi
Satoshi Higuchi
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Hideki Ota
Hideki Ota
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Advanced MRI Collaboration Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Department of Advanced MRI Collaboration Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Yuta Tezuka
Yuta Tezuka
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Kazumasa Seiji
Kazumasa Seiji
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Hidenobu Takagi
Hidenobu Takagi
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Jongmin Lee
Jongmin Lee
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Yi-Wei Lee
Yi-Wei Lee
Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kei Omata
Kei Omata
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Yoshikiyo Ono
Yoshikiyo Ono
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ryo Morimoto
Ryo Morimoto
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Masataka Kudo
Masataka Kudo
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Fumitoshi Satoh
Fumitoshi Satoh
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Kei Takase
Kei Takase
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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hypertension due to excessive and autonomous aldosterone production. Independent of its effect on blood pressure, such excess in aldosterone has been associated with cardiovascular damage ( 3 ), including myocardial inflammation ( 4 ), excessive collagen
Signe Frøssing
Signe Frøssing
Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Malin Nylander
Malin Nylander
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Caroline Kistorp
Caroline Kistorp
Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sven O Skouby
Sven O Skouby
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Faber
Jens Faber
Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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crest. Consultation blood pressure was measured three consecutive times after ten minutes of rest in the sitting position. Blood samples were collected in the morning after ten hours overnight fast. A 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test was performed; blood
Paola Parra Ramírez
Paola Parra Ramírez
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Miguel Paja Fano
Miguel Paja Fano
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
Medicine Department, Basque Country University, Bilbao, Spain
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Medicine Department, Basque Country University, Bilbao, Spain
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Marga González Boillos
Marga González Boillos
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Eider Pascual-Corrales
Eider Pascual-Corrales
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Ana García-Cano
Ana García-Cano
Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Almudena Vicente
Almudena Vicente
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Complejo Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
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Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Rui Ferreira
Rui Ferreira
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Iñigo García Sanz
Iñigo García Sanz
General & Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Mònica Recasens
Mònica Recasens
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, Servei d’Endocrinologia, Girona, Spain
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Begoña Pla Peris
Begoña Pla Peris
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Rebeca Barahona San Millan
Rebeca Barahona San Millan
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, Servei d’Endocrinologia, Girona, Spain
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María José Picón César
María José Picón César
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Complejo Hospitalario Málaga (Hospital Virgen de la Victoria), IBIMA Malaga, Malaga, Spain
CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
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CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
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Patricia Díaz Guardiola
Patricia Díaz Guardiola
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
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Juan Jesús García González
Juan Jesús García González
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Carolina Perdomo
Carolina Perdomo
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Laura Manjón
Laura Manjón
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Rogelio García-Centeno
Rogelio García-Centeno
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Juan Carlos Percovich
Juan Carlos Percovich
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Ángel Rebollo Román
Ángel Rebollo Román
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Paola Gracia Gimeno
Paola Gracia Gimeno
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
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Cristina Robles Lázaro
Cristina Robles Lázaro
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Manuel Morales
Manuel Morales
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department-CDB, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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Felicia Hanzu
Felicia Hanzu
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
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Marta Araujo-Castro
Marta Araujo-Castro
Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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). Patients with PA have a higher cardiometabolic risk profile, with four times increased risk for stroke and six times for nonfatal myocardial infarction, than patients with essential hypertension (EHT) matched by blood pressure (BP), sex, and age ( 2 , 3
Ling Hu
Ling Hu
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Ting Li
Ting Li
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Xiao-Ling Yin
Xiao-Ling Yin
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Yi Zou
Yi Zou
Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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participants, including medical history, family history of chronic diseases, current medication use, and smoking and drinking status. Each patient’s height, weight, and blood pressure were measured based on standardized protocols. Blood pressure of the right
