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Eeva M Ryhänen
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Ilkka Heiskanen
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Harri Sintonen Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland

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Matti J Välimäki
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Risto P Roine Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Group Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland

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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
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endocrinologist at the Division of Endocrinology at the Helsinki University Hospital. Possible vitamin D supplementation was prescribed at this visit, i.e. at least 2–3 months before surgery. The preoperative 15D questionnaire was, on average, answered 1–2 weeks

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Alexis Sudlow Department of Upper GI Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

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Carel W le Roux Department of Experimental Pathology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

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Dimitri J Pournaras Department of Upper GI Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

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if one operation in particular produces a more profound response and normalisation of metabolic changes associated with obesity. There are several considerations and this question is not easily answered nor is there any high-quality, level one

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Xiaojie Wang Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Zhiyuan Chen Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Ziyi Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Bo Chen Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Yong Qi Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China

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Guowei Li Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Jonathan D Adachi Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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self-reported as having type 2 diabetes ( 22 ). Outcome The outcome in this study was fall, which was evaluated based on the following question in the baseline survey: ‘Have you fallen down in the last two years?’ The answer (and coding) was Yes

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Sebastian Franik Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Kathrin Fleischer Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Barbara Kortmann Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Nike M Stikkelbroeck Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Kathleen D’Hauwers Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Claire Bouvattier Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Paris, France

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Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

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Solange Grunenwald Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

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Tim van de Grift Departments of Plastic Surgery and Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Audrey Cartault Department of Pediatrics, Hospital des Enfants, Toulouse, France

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Annette Richter-Unruh Kinderendokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Kinderklinik, Bochum, Germany

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Nicole Reisch Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany

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Ute Thyen Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitat zu Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany

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Joanna IntHout Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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the dsd-LIFE Group
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the dsd-LIFE Group

following main variables (see Table 1 ). Table 1 Questions used to evaluate socioeconomic status and possible associated factors in men with KS and a European reference population. Subject Classification/question Type Answering

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Sebastian Franik Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Kathrin Fleischer Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Barbara Kortmann Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Nike M Stikkelbroeck Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Kathleen D’Hauwers Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Claire Bouvattier Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, France

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Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

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Solange Grunenwald Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France

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Tim van de Grift Departments of Plastic Surgery and Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Audrey Cartault Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Des Enfants, Toulouse, France

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Annette Richter-Unruh Kinderendokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Kinderklinik, Bochum, Germany

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Nicole Reisch Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany

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Ute Thyen Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitat zu Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee, Lubeck, Germany

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Joanna IntHout Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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the dsd-LIFE group
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persons aged 18 years and older ( 10 ). All answers are given on a 5-point Likert scale, summed per domain, and then transformed to a scale from 0 to 100 to enable comparisons between domains. Higher scores indicate a higher QOL. Domains are not scored

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Sherwin Criseno Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew A Toogood Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Neil Gittoes Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Anne Topping School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Niki Karavitaki Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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/protocol for discontinuing long-term growth hormone treatment in adults in your department?  Yes 1 3 4 (6.1%)  No 31 28 59 (90.8%)  Did not answer the question 1 1 2 (3.1%) Q8. Should adult patients who have been

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Emmanuelle Noirrit Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France

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Mélissa Buscato Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Marion Dupuis Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Bernard Payrastre Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Toulouse, France

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Coralie Fontaine Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Jean-François Arnal Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Marie-Cécile Valera Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France

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to placebo, but these trials were not powerful enough to fully answer this question. We recently attempted to investigate the complexity of sex hormones actions on hemostasis and thrombosis in mice ( 24 , 25 , 26 ). We reported that chronic E2

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Navid Tabriz University Hospital for Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Kilian Gloy University Hospital for Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Astrid Schantzen University Hospital for Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Dennis Fried University Hospital for Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Dirk Weyhe University Hospital for Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Verena Uslar University Hospital for Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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correlation coefficient. Table 3 Descriptive analysis of each item per scale and for the items used in the composite score. Shown are the relative distributions of the answers, and the value which Cronbach’s alpha would assume if the specific

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Giorgio Grani Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Livia Lamartina Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Vito Cantisani UOS Innovazioni Diagnostiche e Ultrasonografiche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Marianna Maranghi Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Piernatale Lucia Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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stratification of thyroid nodules. On the basis of the data collected in the present study, the answer appears to be ‘yes.’ On the whole, classification of thyroid nodules using any of the five systems we tested is associated with higher interobserver agreement

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Maria Giannakou Endocrine Unit, Department Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece

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Katerina Saltiki Endocrine Unit, Department Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Emily Mantzou Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Eleni Loukari Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Georgios Philippou Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Konstantinos Terzidis Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Charalampos Stavrianos Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Miltiades Kyprianou Endocrine Unit, Department Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece

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Theodora Psaltopoulou Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece

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Kalliopi Karatzi Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Maria Alevizaki Endocrine Unit, Department Med Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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, pasta, potatoes, cereals, olive oil, sweets, junk food, soft drinks, spirits, tea and coffee) during the previous month. The answers were given in six predefined options (never, rare, 1–3 times per month, 1–2 times per week, 3–5 times per week, daily and

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