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Yao Chen Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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Shu-ying Fang Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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steroid biosynthesis and action, gonadotropic secretion and action, folliculogenesis, weight and energy regulation and insulin action ( 13 ). In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the main genetic polymorphisms that were found or

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Silvia Ciancia Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Vanessa Dubois Basic and Translational Endocrinology (BaTE), Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Martine Cools Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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childhood, followed by a sharp acceleration from the onset of puberty onward, up to early adulthood. During puberty, the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis and sex steroids become the main determinants of bone development, acting on

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Jana Ernst Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Katharina Gert Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Frank Bernhard Kraus Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Strasse, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Ulrike Elisabeth Rolle-Kampczyk Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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Martin Wabitsch Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany

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Faramarz Dehghani Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Kristina Schaedlich Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany

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an enzyme machinery enabling them for the de novo synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol ( 8 ). Androgenic steroids exhibit a positive gradient from blood to adipose tissue with the precursor androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone as

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Nancy J Olsen Division of Rheumatology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Mail Code H044, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA

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Ann L Benko Division of Rheumatology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Mail Code H044, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA

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William J Kovacs Division of Rheumatology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Mail Code H044, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA

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Introduction Androgenic gonadal steroid hormones exert effects on both human autoimmune disease and the corresponding animal models. In an experimental mouse model of human systemic lupus erythematosus, females acquire fatal renal disease while

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Letícia Ribeiro Oliveira Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Carlos Alberto Longui Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Guilherme Guaragna-Filho Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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José Luiz Costa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Rafael Lanaro Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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David Antônio Silva Laboratory of Physiology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Maria Izabel Chiamolera Fleury Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Maricilda Palandi de Mello Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering (CBMEG), UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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André Moreno Morcillo Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Gil Guerra-Junior Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Introduction The determination of steroid hormone concentration, which is part of the initial approach in the diagnosis of disorders of sex development (DSD), is one of the challenges in pediatric endocrinology ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Based on the

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Manjeetkaur Sehemby Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Prachi Bansal Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Vijaya Sarathi Department of Endocrinology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Ashwini Kolhe Department of Pathology, Seth GS Medical college and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Kanchan Kothari Department of Pathology, Seth GS Medical college and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Swati Jadhav-Ramteke Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Anurag R Lila Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Tushar Bandgar Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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Nalini S Shah Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

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malignancies of the ovary account for less than 10% of all ovarian cancers (germ cell tumors: 5%; sex cord stromal tumors: 3–5%) ( 1 ). Less than half of these nonepithelial tumors secrete hormones which can produce either estrogenic or androgenic

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A Daniel Bird Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Spencer Greatorex Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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David Reser Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Gareth G Lavery Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, 2nd Floor IBR Tower, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Timothy J Cole Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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– 1282 . ( doi:10.1210/endo-102-4-1275 ) 744025 10.1210/endo-102-4-1275 29 Tetsuka M Hillier SG . Androgen receptor gene expression in rat granulosa cells: the role of follicle-stimulating hormone and steroid hormones . Endocrinology 1996

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P Herbert School of Sport, Health and Outdoor Education, Trinity Saint David, University of Wales, Wales, UK

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LD Hayes Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK

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NF Sculthorpe Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK

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FM Grace Faculty of Health, Federation University, Victoria, Australia

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-frequency HIIT would improve PPO compared with normal exercise training and (ii) systemic steroid hormones would be unchanged following low-frequency HIIT in masters athletes. Materials and methods Participants Following familiarization with

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Yiyan Wang Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yaoyao Dong Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yinghui Fang Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yao Lv Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Qiqi Zhu Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xiaoheng Li Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Qingquan Lian Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Ren-Shan Ge Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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DES induced an intrauterine growth restriction of pups in the placentas ( 6 ). However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Figure 1 Chemical structure of cortisol and diethylstilbestrol. Glucocorticoid hormone is an inducing

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Sakina Kherra CHU Parnet Hopital, Algiers, Algeria

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Wendy Forsyth Paterson Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK

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Filiz Mine Cizmecioglu Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

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Jeremy Huw Jones Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

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Mariam Kourime Abderrahim Harouchi Hôpital, Casablanca, Morocco

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Heba Hassan Elsedfy Pediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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Sameh Tawfik Department of Pediatrics, Maadi Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

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Andreas Kyriakou Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

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Mohamad Guftar Shaikh Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

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Malcolm David Cairns Donaldson Section of Child Health, Glasgow University School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK

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birth, normal age of pubertal onset but delayed although usually complete secondary sexual development and invariable oligo-amenorrhoea. Longitudinal basal gonadotrophin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B from birth to adulthood are usually

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