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  • pediatric critical illness x
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Werner F Blum University Children’s Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Abdullah Alherbish Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Afaf Alsagheir King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Ahmed El Awwa Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hamad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar

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Walid Kaplan Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE

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Ekaterina Koledova Global Medical Affairs Endocrinology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

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Martin O Savage William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK

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defectsBioinactive GH (very rare)Neutralising antibodies to GHMalnutrition, malabsorptionLiver insufficiencySevere illness (e.g. sepsis, cachexia, systemic inflammatory disease and malignant disease)Severe trauma, including surgical traumaIGF-II-producing tumours

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0099
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Open access
Aaron Lerner B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Patricia Jeremias AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Torsten Matthias AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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, CD40, CTLA-4, the HLA genes, PTPN22) play critical parts in the development of an effective immune response including self-tolerance. More specifically, CD 40 is shared by Graves’ disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), CTLA-4 is shared by

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0021
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Silvia Ciancia Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Vanessa Dubois Basic and Translational Endocrinology (BaTE), Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Martine Cools Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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estimate that 0.7% of Americans aged 13–24 years are transgender ( 3 ), and in many European countries, after the introduction of pediatric gender identity services, the yearly number of referrals has increased manifold in the last decade ( 4 , 5

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0280
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Biagio Cangiano Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marco Bonomi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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prevalently caused by macroadenomas of the pituitary and their treatments. Craniopharyngiomas represent the most prevalent expansive lesion associated with CeH in pediatric patients. The causes of acquired CeH are listed in Table 2 (see also comments in Fig

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0515
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access
Agnieszka Bogusz Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland

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Svenja Boekhoff Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Monika Warmuth-Metz Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany

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Gabriele Calaminus Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Maria Eveslage Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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patients with presurgical, a + pHI was analyzed at the time of diagnosis, at 1 and 3 years after CP diagnosis and at last follow-up visit. QoL could be analyzed by the Pediatric Quality of Life (PEDQOL) questionnaire at diagnosis in 55 of these 109 CP

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0074
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
H Vlaardingerbroek Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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E L T van den Akker Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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A C S Hokken-Koelega Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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patients ( 55 ). The levels of BDNF seemed to vary with the stages of illness: concentrations were higher in recovered normal weight anorexia patients compared to acute anorexia patients with underweight, and the concentrations increased with short

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0111
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Open access
Carla Scaroni Dipartimento di Medicina, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy

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Nora M Albiger Dipartimento di Medicina, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy

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Serena Palmieri Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

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Davide Iacuaniello Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

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Chiara Graziadio Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

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Luca Damiani Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

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Marialuisa Zilio Dipartimento di Medicina, U.O.C. Endocrinologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonio Stigliano Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

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Annamaria Colao Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

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Rosario Pivonello Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

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the Altogether to Beat Cushing’s Syndrome (ABC) study group
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Introduction Physiological activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can be found in several situations, such as major surgery, severe illness, intensive physical exercise, and prolonged fasting leading to improve the ability

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0435
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 1
Open access
Marianne C Astor Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Kristian Løvås Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Anette S B Wolff Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Bjørn Nedrebø Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Eirik Bratland Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Jon Steen-Johnsen Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Eystein S Husebye Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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appeared during febrile illness. Treatment and complications All the patients were treated with oral magnesium hydroxide, on average 19 mg/kg per day (range 10–38 mg/kg per day). Dose increments were limited by diarrhoea, and serum magnesium levels were

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0066
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 4
Open access
Muriel Houang Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Thao Nguyen-Khoa Centre Régional de Dépistage Néonatal-Ile de France, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France

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Thibaut Eguether Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Bettina Ribault Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Séverine Brabant Laboratoire d’Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France

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Michel Polak Centre Régional de Dépistage Néonatal-Ile de France, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France
Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France

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Irène Netchine Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Antonin Lamazière Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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critical for boys and girls whose signs of virilization at birth are mild, or that may be missed. The conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol and of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone, which are precursors of cortisol and

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0101
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 6
Open access
Felix Reschke Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Torben Biester Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Thekla von dem Berge Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Dagmar Jamiolkowski Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Laura Hasse Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Francesca Dassie Padua University Hospital, Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova, Veneto, Italy

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Pietro Maffei Padua University Hospital, Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova, Veneto, Italy

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Katharina Klee Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Olga Kordonouri Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Hagen Ott Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Thomas Danne Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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(paraproteinaemia and neoplasia) as well as scleroderma must be considered as critical differential diagnoses. As a rule, the course of Buschke’s scvleredema is chronically progressive. Therapeutically, the setting of the underlying disease is decisive. As a

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0410
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
Open access