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Johanna Öberg Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Rolf Jorde Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Yngve Figenschau Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Sandra Rinne Dahl Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Anne Winther Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Guri Grimnes Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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hormonal contraceptives (CHC), which includes an estrogenic component, has been consistently reported ( 3 , 11 ). Several tissues, including the parathyroid gland, can utilize DBP-bound 25(OH)D, possibly modifying the significance of free 25(OH)D levels

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Ranganathan R Rao Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Harpal S Randeva Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Sailesh Sankaranarayanan Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Murthy Narashima Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Matthias Möhlig Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Hisham Mehanna Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Martin O Weickert Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK

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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in postmenopausal women is frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency (1, 2) , which in turn is an additional stimulus for further increases in circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (3, 4

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Xiaoxia Jia Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yaxin An Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuechao Xu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuxian Yang Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Chang Liu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Dong Zhao Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Jing Ke Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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uncarboxylated osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and β-cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX); intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH); and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were evaluated by the electrochemiluminescence

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Georgios Kontogeorgos Section for Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Zoi Mamasoula Section for Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Emily Krantz Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Penelope Trimpou Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Section for Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Section for Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Christine M Laine Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Endocrine Out-Patient Clinic, Carlanderska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Introduction Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare endocrine disorder with insufficient levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The phosphate and calcium imbalance increases the risk of ectopic

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E Vignali Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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F Cetani Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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S Chiavistelli Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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A Meola Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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F Saponaro Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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R Centoni Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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L Cianferotti Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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C Marcocci Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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Introduction During the past 10–20 years several investigators have noticed that there are patients with elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels associated with consistently normal serum calcium concentration and no other causes of secondary

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Shatha Alharazy Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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M Denise Robertson Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Susan Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Muhammad Imran Naseer Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Adeel G Chaudhary Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Eman Alissa Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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intestines, suppresses the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and enhances the renal tubular absorption of Ca and mobilization of Ca and PO 4 from bone ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). Vitamin D is not only vital for skeletal health but also involved in several

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Victor Jing-Wei Kang Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Bo-Ching Lee Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Jia-Zheng Huang Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Vin-Cent Wu Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yen-Hung Lin Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chin-Chen Chang Departments of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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TAIPAI group
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phosphate, had higher serum levels of PAC, ARR, creatinine, 24-h urine calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), more frequently used hypertensive medication, and more frequently had renal or ureteral stones (47, 26.3% vs 16, 12.0%; P = 0.002) than

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Magdaléna Fořtová Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Lenka Hanousková Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Martin Valkus Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jana Čepová Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Richard Průša Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Karel Kotaška Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Introduction About 80–90% of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) cases are caused by parathyroid adenoma. Long-term increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion leads to a generalized disorder of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism. The

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Rolf Jorde Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway

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Guri Grimnes Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway

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sufficient ( 6 ), whereas a level of 75 nmol/L has been recommended by the Endocrine Society ( 7 ). These recommendations are partly based on calcium absorption, presence of signs of osteomalacia, as well suppression of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by

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Maria Luisa Brandi Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), Florence, Italy

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Stefania Bandinelli Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy

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Teresa Iantomasi Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Francesca Giusti Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Eleonora Talluri Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Giovanna Sini Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Fabrizio Nannipieri Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Santina Battaglia Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Riccardo Giusti Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Colin Gerard Egan CE Medical Writing SRLS, Pisa, Italy

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Luigi Ferrucci Longitudinal Study Section, Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Introduction Vitamin D is essential for the homeostatic regulation of calcium ( 1 ), and reduced vitamin D intake or inadequate levels can impact upon bone metabolism leading to increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and increased bone

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