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Xiaoxia Jia Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yaxin An Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuechao Xu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yuxian Yang Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Chang Liu Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Dong Zhao Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Jing Ke Center for Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and uric acid. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were quantified using highperformance liquid chromatography

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Annieke C G van Baar Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Andrei Prodan Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Camilla D Wahlgren Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Steen S Poulsen Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Albert K Groen Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands

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Jacques J Bergman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Max Nieuwdorp Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, VUMC Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Evgeni Levin Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Horaizon BV, Delft, the Netherlands

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/L) 1.45 0.65 1.25 0.69 HOMA-IR 4.53 1.95 4.36 2.18 BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL, low-density

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Hsiao-Yun Yeh Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hung-Ta Hondar Wu Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Musculoskeletal Section, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hsiao-Chin Shen Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Tzu-Hao Li Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan

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Ying-Ying Yang Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Kuei-Chuan Lee Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Hsuan Lin Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chia-Chang Huang Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ming-Chih Hou Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FL, fatty liver; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high densityhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-FL, non-fatty liver. Men with fatty liver had higher

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W Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Y Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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X Han Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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X Cai Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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Y Zhu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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M Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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S Gong Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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J Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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L Ji Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

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2, Trinity Biotech, Bray, Ireland). Serum lipids, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, were measured using an automated

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Huixing Liu Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Daoquan Peng Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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cholesterol clearance. In general, triglyceride (TG)-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) level is increased in hypothyroidism, and the elevation of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1) concentration leads to an increase of TG-rich chylomicron (CM). The

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Yumei Zhai The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Haiming Fu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baotou Maternal and Child Health Center, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Yu Li The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Siyuan Li The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Wenchen Zhang The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Jianwei Yue The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Zichao Wang The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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, height, weight, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, medical history (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.), and laboratory markers (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density

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Jiayang Lin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Peizhen Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Yan Huang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Xueyun Wei Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Dan Guo Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Jianfang Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Deying Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Yajuan Deng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Bingyan Xu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Chensihan Huang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Xiaoyu Yang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Yan Lu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Lijing Jia Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Huijie Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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methods with automatic multichannel chemical analyzer (Hitachi 7450). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was calculated by Friedewald’s formula: TC (mmol/L) − HDL-c (mmol/L) − TG (mmol/L)/2.2 ( 26 ). Insulin resistance status was assessed using

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Qingrong Pan Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Shuxin Gao Department of General Practice, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China

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Xia Gao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ning Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhi Yao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yanjin Hu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Li Miao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhe Chen Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Guang Wang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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, urea nitrogen, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose levels were measured on a Siemens ADVIA 2400 automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum total Hcy was measured by commercially

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Aasem Saif Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Shrook Mousa Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Maha Assem Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Nashwa Tharwat National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

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Alaa Abdelhamid Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Vascular Laboratory, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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, free thyroxine; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone. Table 2 Clinical, laboratory and vascular data of the patients with

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Ying-Lien Cheng Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ting-I Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yu-Mei Chien Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ting-Wei Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Jen Chen Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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, 11 ). The aforementioned studies have reported that individuals with low levels of serum 25(OH)D have higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but lower levels of high-density

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