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Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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, high doses of glucocorticoid substitution therapy and older age at diagnosis are the most consistently identified risk factors associated with increased morbidity and mortality ( 18 , 19 ). In addition, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has been linked
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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hypogonadism; FT, frontotemporal; GHD, growth hormone deficiency; N.A., not assessed; SDS, standard deviations; US, ultrasound. Table 2 Clinical features and genetic variants of SCO1 gene in all previously described cases of MC4DN4. Case
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Pediatric team of the Clinical Investigation Center 9302/INSERM, Hospital of Children, Toulouse, France
Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051 - Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMR 1123, University Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) results in abnormal linear growth in children ( 1 , 2 ), associated with potential early severe morbidity (psychosocial problems and episodes of hypoglycemia). In addition, persistency of GHD into
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Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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deficiency, whilst the inflammatory process itself may yield only minimal manifestations. As the hormone production of an involved gland ceases completely and irreversibly in most cases, lifelong hormone replacement should be initiated, whilst discontinuation
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neurological development and pregnancy outcomes ( 1 , 2 ). During pregnancy, daily iodine requirement increases by nearly 50% because of an increase in renal iodine excretion, increased thyroid hormone production and foetal iodine requirements ( 3 ). In
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Introduction The history of vitamin D is a rich and storied subject and is now over 350 years old. It began in the early 1600s with the first descriptions of the human deficiency disease: rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Of
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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cytochromep450 family 21 subfamily A member 2 gene ( CYP21A2) , which leads to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and may be life-threatening due to a reduced adrenal production of cortisol and aldosterone. The disturbance leads to an increased production of
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Nemours/DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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Introduction Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (GH) is widely utilized for improving height in children with growth failure and conditions in which it is efficacious, including isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD
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Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in postmenopausal women is frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency (1, 2) , which in turn is an additional stimulus for further increases in circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (3, 4
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/mL). Impairment to growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF1): children with growth retardation or adults with obvious hypometabolic syndrome had IGF1 levels below 2 s.d. than their peers and had additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. Impairment