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Beibei Zhu
Beibei Zhu
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yan Han
Yan Han
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Fen Deng
Fen Deng
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Kun Huang
Kun Huang
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Shuangqin Yan
Shuangqin Yan
Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
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Jiahu Hao
Jiahu Hao
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Peng Zhu
Peng Zhu
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Fangbiao Tao
Fangbiao Tao
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a highly prevalent complication during pregnancy and affects around 15–20% of pregnancies ( 4 ) and the world has been witnessing a rapid increase in GDM incidence ( 5 ). Its negative health consequences
Angela Köninger
Angela Köninger
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Antonella Iannaccone
Antonella Iannaccone
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ensar Hajder
Ensar Hajder
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mirjam Frank
Mirjam Frank
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Boerge Schmidt
Boerge Schmidt
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ekkehard Schleussner
Ekkehard Schleussner
Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Rainer Kimmig
Rainer Kimmig
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Alexandra Gellhaus
Alexandra Gellhaus
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Hans Dieplinger
Hans Dieplinger
Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( 11 , 12 ). IR, as determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) ( 13 ), when present before the beginning of a pregnancy seems to be the strongest factor associated with the
Yuanyuan Li
Yuanyuan Li
Department of Endocrinology, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Dongmei Li
Dongmei Li
Department of Endocrinology, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Xingbo Cheng
Xingbo Cheng
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Introduction The burgeoning epidemic of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) threatens maternal and infant health. GDM is characterized by glucose intolerance, which causes poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy. Insulin resistance is an
Yu Lin
Yu Lin
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Lei Xu
Lei Xu
Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
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Wei Long
Wei Long
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Chunjian Shan
Chunjian Shan
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Hongjuan Ding
Hongjuan Ding
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Lianghui You
Lianghui You
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Chun Zhao
Chun Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhonghua Shi
Zhonghua Shi
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Y et al . Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus . Gut 2018 67 1614 – 1625 . ( https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-315988 ) 36 Huo L Lyons J Magliano DJ Infectious and environmental
Angelo Maria Patti
Angelo Maria Patti
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kalliopi Pafili
Kalliopi Pafili
Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Nikolaos Papanas
Nikolaos Papanas
Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Manfredi Rizzo
Manfredi Rizzo
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with Type 2 diabetes . Diabetic Medicine 2004 21 103 – 113 . ( https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00985.x ) 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00985.x 2 Kim C Berger DK Chamany S
Huguette S Brink
Huguette S Brink
Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Aart Jan van der Lely
Aart Jan van der Lely
Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Joke van der Linden
Joke van der Linden
Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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metabolism and gestational diabetes . Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 1994 37 25 – 38 . ( doi:10.1097/00003081-199403000-00007 ) 4 Butte NF . Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnancy: normal compared with gestational diabetes mellitus
Marie Auzanneau
Marie Auzanneau
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Alexander J Eckert
Alexander J Eckert
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Andreas Fritsche
Andreas Fritsche
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Martin Heni
Martin Heni
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Andrea Icks
Andrea Icks
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Annabel S Mueller-Stierlin
Annabel S Mueller-Stierlin
Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Hospital Ulm, Um, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, University Hospital Ulm, Um, Germany
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Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, University Hospital Ulm, Um, Germany
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Ana Dugic
Ana Dugic
Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Medizincampus Oberfranken der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Bayreuth, Germany
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Alexander Risse
Alexander Risse
Diabetes Center at Sophie-Charlotte-Platz, Diabetes Foot Unit, Berlin, Germany
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Stefanie Lanzinger
Stefanie Lanzinger
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Reinhard W Holl
Reinhard W Holl
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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secondary diagnoses gestational diabetes and other specified diabetes mellitus, including pancreatic diabetes ( n = 8228 in 2015; n = 12,874 in 2016; n = 18,210 in 2017; n = 27,481 in 2018; n = 32,050 in 2019; n = 37,743 in 2020) were assigned to
Zhaoxiang Liu
Zhaoxiang Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Mingqiang Zhang
Mingqiang Zhang
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Xiaohu Shi
Xiaohu Shi
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wenhui Zhao
Wenhui Zhao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Chenxiang Cao
Chenxiang Cao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Lixia Jin
Lixia Jin
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Yanlei Wang
Yanlei Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Jianzhong Xiao
Jianzhong Xiao
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Introduction Diabetes is a global health concern owing to its high prevalence and related health problems ( 1 ). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and is also recognized as a chronic, low
R Perchard
R Perchard
Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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L Magee
L Magee
Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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A Whatmore
A Whatmore
Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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F Ivison
F Ivison
Department of Biochemistry, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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P Murray
P Murray
Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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A Stevens
A Stevens
Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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M Z Mughal
M Z Mughal
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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S Ehtisham
S Ehtisham
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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J Campbell
J Campbell
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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S Ainsworth
S Ainsworth
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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M Marshall
M Marshall
Department of Biochemistry, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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M Bone
M Bone
Department of General Paediatrics, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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I Doughty
I Doughty
Department of General Paediatrics, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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P E Clayton
P E Clayton
Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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with Type 1 diabetes mellitus from a Mediterranean area . Acta Diabetologica 2015 52 773 – 779 . ( doi:10.1007/s00592-014-0699-3 ) 10 Scragg R Holdaway I Singh V Metcalf P Baker J Dryson E. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
Xinge Tao
Xinge Tao
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yanbin Xue
Yanbin Xue
Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rui Niu
Rui Niu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Wenjing Lu
Wenjing Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Huayan Yao
Huayan Yao
Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chunmei He
Chunmei He
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Bin Cui
Bin Cui
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most serious health-care challenges in the 21st century owing to its increasing incidence worldwide. Prevention and care for T2DM and its related complications has imposed a
