Alexander Heinzel
Alexander Heinzel
RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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Dirk Müller
Dirk Müller
Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hanneke M van Santen
Hanneke M van Santen
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sarah C Clement
Sarah C Clement
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arthur B Schneider
Arthur B Schneider
University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Frederik A Verburg
Frederik A Verburg
Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
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University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
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Introduction Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) who received radiation therapy to the cervical region (cranial/ cranio-spinal or chest) are at increased risk of developing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) among other malignancies. Long
Izabelle Lövgren
Izabelle Lövgren
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Azadeh Abravan
Azadeh Abravan
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Abigail Bryce-Atkinson
Abigail Bryce-Atkinson
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Marcel van Herk
Marcel van Herk
Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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system and improve the well-being of childhood cancer survivors. Table 1 Prevalence of intracranial paediatric tumours. Information from Dang & Philips ( 2 ). Tumour type Cell type Prevalence (%) Example Glioma Glial
Adriano N Cury
Adriano N Cury
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Verônica T Meira
Verônica T Meira
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Osmar Monte
Osmar Monte
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Marília Marone
Marília Marone
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Nilza M Scalissi
Nilza M Scalissi
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Cristiane Kochi
Cristiane Kochi
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Luís E P Calliari
Luís E P Calliari
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Carlos A Longui
Carlos A Longui
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Graves' disease (GD) accounts for 10–15% of all childhood thyroid abnormalities and is rare in those under age 5 years – its incidence peaks between age 11 and 15 years, predominantly affecting females (1, 2) . There is
Sidsel Mathiesen
Sidsel Mathiesen
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kaspar Sørensen
Kaspar Sørensen
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Marianne Ifversen
Marianne Ifversen
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Casper P Hagen
Casper P Hagen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jørgen Holm Petersen
Jørgen Holm Petersen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Klaus Müller
Klaus Müller
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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, and a comprehensive internal validation was conducted for every change in assays to standardize the analyses. Reference material Hormone levels during childhood and puberty were compared to a prospectively followed reference cohort of 112 boys
Li Qian
Li Qian
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yuxiao Zhu
Yuxiao Zhu
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yan Luo
Yan Luo
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Mu Zhang
Mu Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liping Yu
Liping Yu
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Yu Liu
Yu Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tao Yang
Tao Yang
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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, Nanjing, China, and 570 subjects with T1DM and 199 healthy controls recruited in Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA. The healthy controls were randomly divided into 2 subgroups
J Gebauer
J Gebauer
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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R Skinner
R Skinner
Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology and Children’s BMT Unit, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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R Haupt
R Haupt
DOPO Clinic, Department of Hematology/Oncolgy, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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L Kremer
L Kremer
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC, Emma’s Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam UMC, Emma’s Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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H van der Pal
H van der Pal
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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G Michel
G Michel
Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland
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G T Armstrong
G T Armstrong
Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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M M Hudson
M M Hudson
Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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L Hjorth
L Hjorth
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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H Lehnert
H Lehnert
Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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T Langer
T Langer
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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The number of patients surviving childhood cancer has continuously increased over the last five decades, mainly due to advances in cancer biology, treatment and supportive care (see Fig. 1 ( 1 )). This has led to a growing number of childhood
Ghazala Zaidi
Ghazala Zaidi
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Saroj K Sahoo
Saroj K Sahoo
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Aditya Narayan Sarangi
Aditya Narayan Sarangi
Departments of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Niharika Bharti
Niharika Bharti
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Li Zhang
Li Zhang
Department of Immunology, Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, Denver, USA
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Liping Yu
Liping Yu
Department of Immunology, Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, Denver, USA
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Daniel Eriksson
Daniel Eriksson
Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sophie Bensing
Sophie Bensing
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Olle Kämpe
Olle Kämpe
Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Nisha Bharani
Nisha Bharani
Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
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Surendra Kumar Yachha
Surendra Kumar Yachha
Departments of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Anil Bhansali
Anil Bhansali
Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Alok Sachan
Alok Sachan
Department of Endocrinology, Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupathi, India
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Vandana Jain
Vandana Jain
Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Nalini Shah
Nalini Shah
Department of Endocrinology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, India
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Rakesh Aggarwal
Rakesh Aggarwal
Departments of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Amita Aggarwal
Amita Aggarwal
Departments of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Muthuswamy Srinivasan
Muthuswamy Srinivasan
Departments of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Sarita Agarwal
Sarita Agarwal
Departments of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Eesh Bhatia
Eesh Bhatia
Departments of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Karner J Orlova E Oftedal BE Kisand K Olah E Meloni A Myhre AG Anti-cytokine autoantibodies preceding onset of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I features in early childhood . Journal of Clinical Immunology 2013 33
Patrizia Bruzzi
Patrizia Bruzzi
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy
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Silvia Vannelli
Silvia Vannelli
Pediatric Endocrinologic Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Emanuela Scarano
Emanuela Scarano
Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Natascia Di Iorgi
Natascia Di Iorgi
Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Maria Parpagnoli
Maria Parpagnoli
Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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MariaCarolina Salerno
MariaCarolina Salerno
Department of Translational Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Marco Pitea
Marco Pitea
Pediatric Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Maria Elisabeth Street
Maria Elisabeth Street
Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Paediatrics, Department of Mother and Child-AUSL of Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Andrea Secco
Andrea Secco
Pediatric Unit, Azienda ospedaliero Nazionale SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
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Adolfo Andrea Trettene
Adolfo Andrea Trettene
Pediatric Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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Malgorzata Wasniewska
Malgorzata Wasniewska
Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Nicola Corciulo
Nicola Corciulo
Pediatric Unit, P.O. Gallipoli, ASL Lecce, Italy
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Gianluca Tornese
Gianluca Tornese
Institute for maternal and child health IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy
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Maria Felicia Faienza
Maria Felicia Faienza
DAI Scienze Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
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Maurizio Delvecchio
Maurizio Delvecchio
U.O. Malattie Metaboliche e Genetiche e Diabetologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
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Simona Filomena Madeo
Simona Filomena Madeo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy
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Lorenzo Iughetti
Lorenzo Iughetti
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy
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pattern of pubertal changes in girls . Archives of Disease in Childhood 1969 44 291 – 303 . ( https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.44.235.291 ) 20 Marshall WA & Tanner JM . Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys . Archives of Disease in
Min Yang
Min Yang
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xiangling Deng
Xiangling Deng
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shunan Wang
Shunan Wang
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bo Zhou
Bo Zhou
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wenquan Niu
Wenquan Niu
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhixin Zhang
Zhixin Zhang
International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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special attention due to its underlying physical and psychosocial impairments from childhood to adulthood, such as cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes and psychological functioning problems ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). In clinical practice, pre-shortness is often
Anita Hokken-Koelega
Anita Hokken-Koelega
Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Aart-Jan van der Lely
Aart-Jan van der Lely
Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Berthold Hauffa
Berthold Hauffa
University Children’s Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Gabriele Häusler
Gabriele Häusler
Medical University and General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gudmundur Johannsson
Gudmundur Johannsson
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Mohamad Maghnie
Mohamad Maghnie
Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Jesús Argente
Jesús Argente
Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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Jean DeSchepper
Jean DeSchepper
University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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John W Gregory
John W Gregory
Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Charlotte Höybye
Charlotte Höybye
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fahrettin Keleştimur
Fahrettin Keleştimur
Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Anton Luger
Anton Luger
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Hermann L Müller
Hermann L Müller
Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Sebastian Neggers
Sebastian Neggers
University Children’s Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Vera Popovic-Brkic
Vera Popovic-Brkic
Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
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Eleonora Porcu
Eleonora Porcu
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lars Sävendahl
Lars Sävendahl
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stephen Shalet
Stephen Shalet
The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Bessie Spiliotis
Bessie Spiliotis
University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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Maithé Tauber
Maithé Tauber
Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
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’s continuum of care (e.g., financial and reimbursement issues; hospital administration support; and needs for patient support groups, more scientific data, and/or colleagues dedicated to transitional care). The care for patients with childhood-onset GH
