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Kristin Ottarsdottir Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna G Nilsson Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margareta Hellgren Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf Lindblad Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Bledar Daka Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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activity. Laboratory analyses Fasting venous blood samples were drawn in the morning and after an oral glucose tolerance test. Serum concentrations of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were obtained using radioimmunoassay at baseline and

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Johanna Christina Penell Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Mark M Kushnir Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

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Lars Lind Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jonatan Bergquist Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jonas Bergquist Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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P Monica Lind Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Tord Naessen Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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.58) <0.001* Sex hormone-binding globulin (nmol/L) 222 53.5 (20.2, 123) 54 50.3 (27.4, 96.3) 438 42.2 (18.4, 91.5) 126 44.2 (20.6, 76.8) <0.001* *indicates statistical significance after adjusting P values for

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Thomas Reinehr Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Alexandra Kulle Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Juliane Rothermel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Caroline Knop-Schmenn Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Nina Lass Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Christina Bosse Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany

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Paul-Martin Holterhus Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)) were measured as described below. Degree of overweight was calculated as body mass index (BMI). We used Box–Cox transformation to calculate BMI-SDS as a measure for degree of overweight ( 12 ). As

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Alessandra Gambineri Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Carla Pelusi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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intracrine factor ( 4 ). Part of the sex hormone differences between the sexes also depends on the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which regulates the biological effect of sex steroids ( 5 ). Androgens and estrogens are transported in the blood by

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Huguette S Brink Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Aart Jan van der Lely Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joke van der Linden Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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when adjusted for BMI ( 80 ). Thus far, the positive association of (hs)CRP and GD seems to be in part mediated by BMI. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) SHBG is a glycoprotein and plays a role in the regulation and transport of sex hormones

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Lauren R Cirrincione Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Bridgit O Crews Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA

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Jane A Dickerson Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Matthew D Krasowski Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Jessica Rongitsch Internal Medicine, Capitol Hill Medical, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Katherine L Imborek Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Zil Goldstein Department of Medicine, Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, New York, USA
CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA

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Dina N Greene Washington Kaiser Permanente, Renton, Washington, USA
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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-established elevations in sex hormone-binding globulin during oral estradiol treatment ( 22 ), may lead to underestimated estradiol concentrations ( 18 , 23 ). One limitation of this analysis is that we only measured unconjugated estrone metabolite using LC

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Cecilia Lundin Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Agota Malmborg Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Julia Slezak Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Kristina Gemzell Danielsson Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Marie Bixo Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Hanna Bengtsdotter Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

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Lena Marions Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

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Ingela Lindh Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Elvar Theodorsson Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Mats Hammar Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Inger Sundström-Poromaa Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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/mL and 2.9% at 90 pg/mL. Testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in serum were measured with chemiluminescence ( 10 ). The analyses were performed with a Cobas EE (Roche Diagnostics). Total CV for testosterone was 5% at 2.2 nmol/L and 3% at

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Maki Igarashi Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Tadayuki Ayabe Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Keiko Matsubara Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Hatoko Sasaki Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Mayako Saito-Abe Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Miori Sato Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Nathan Mise Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Akihiko Ikegami Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Masayuki Shimono Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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Reiko Suga Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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Shouichi Ohga Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

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Masafumi Sanefuji Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

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Masako Oda Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

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Hiroshi Mitsubuchi Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

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Takehiro Michikawa Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Shin Yamazaki Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Shoji Nakayama Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Yukihiro Ohya Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Maki Fukami Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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measure levels of sex hormone binding globulin. Blood levels of total fractions of sex hormones may not be parallel with the levels of unbound (free and bioavailable) hormones ( 20 ). Third, our conclusions are based solely on the results of blood hormone

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Anna C van der Burgh Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Samer R Khan Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Sebastian J C M M Neggers Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Ewout J Hoorn Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Layal Chaker Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HD, hemodialysis; HR, hazard ratio; IL-6, interleukin; N.R., not reported; Q, quartile; Qu, quintile; SHBG, sex-hormone-binding globulin; T, testosterone. Association of serum testosterone with incident

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Xinyuan Zhang Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Suiyan Li School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Hongwei Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Huai Bai Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qingqing Liu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Chunyi Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Ping Fan Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), oxidative stress index (OSI), TT, estradiol (E 2 ), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), HDL-cholesterol (HDL

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