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Sandra Pereira Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Jessy Moore Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Jia-Xu Li Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Wen Qin Yu Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Husam Ghanim Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA

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Filip Vlavcheski Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Yemisi Deborah Joseph Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Paresh Dandona Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA

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Allen Volchuk Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Carolyn L Cummins Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Evangelia Tsiani Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

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Adria Giacca Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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implicated in FFA activation of TLR4 and insulin resistance ( 24 ). Fetuin-A can also interfere with insulin receptor signaling directly ( 25 ). Conversely, hepatic insulin resistance is diminished by FGF21 in rodents exposed to nutrient excess ( 26 ), and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0248
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 8
Open access
Rajae Talbi Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Victor M Navarro Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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of receptors for metabolic cues (e.g. leptin and insulin receptors) do not appear to impinge reproductive or metabolic functions ( 22 , 23 ). Nonetheless, a remarkable feature of Kiss1 ARC neurons is their ability to directly communicate with

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0068
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access
Teresa Vilariño-García Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

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Antonio Pérez-Pérez Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

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Esther Santamaría-López Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain

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Nicolás Prados Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain

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Manuel Fernández-Sánchez Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain

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Víctor Sánchez-Margalet Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology. Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

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effect of siRNA Sam68 down-regulation on the phosphorylated forms of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in human GCs. As it was demonstrated using immunoblotting analysis with anti-phospho-IRS-1 antibodies, down-regulation of Sam68 in GCs significantly

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0062
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 6
Open access
Nannan Bian Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiaomeng Sun Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Biao Zhou Departments of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Lin Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Qiu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yu An Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiaohui Li Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yinhui Li Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jia Liu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Hua Meng Departments of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Guang Wang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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-body metabolism. Adipocytes release multiple anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. A low degree of inflammation is a link between IR and obesity. Studies showed that elevated proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 impaired insulin receptor substrate

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0360
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 10
Open access
Vita Birzniece School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

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Teresa Lam School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Mark McLean School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Navneeta Reddy Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Haleh Shahidipour School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Amy Hayden School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Howard Gurney Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Glenn Stone School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia

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Rikke Hjortebjerg Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Jan Frystyk Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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poorer cancer prognosis ( 1 , 2 ). Chronic hyperinsulinemia may stimulate carcinogenesis either directly through the insulin receptor or indirectly through insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1Rs). Recent evidence indicates that the anti

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0375
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Alessandra Gambineri Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Carla Pelusi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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studies have proven the inverse association between testosterone and insulin resistance ( 35 , 36 ) as well as an increased risk of T2DM ( 37 ). Mice with a neuron-specific disruption of the insulin receptor gene (NIRKO mice) have been shown to develop

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0450
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 1
Open access
Myrian Velasco Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Carlos Larqué Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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José Romo-Yáñez Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico

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Marcia Hiriart Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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overactivation of P70S6K1, via mTORC1, results in the phosphorylation of IRS1 on serine residues, inhibiting its binding to the insulin receptor, promoting its proteasomal degradation, and ultimately downregulating AKT downstream signaling ( 21 ). Insulin

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0288
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 9
Open access
Kristin Ottarsdottir Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna G Nilsson Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margareta Hellgren Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf Lindblad Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Bledar Daka Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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resistance in the cross-sectional analyses at baseline and follow-up. Although insulin resistance is driven by obesity, there is evidence that suggests that testosterone modulates the expression of the glucose transporter Glut4 and the insulin receptor in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0480
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Emanuela Zaharieva Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Clinic of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Zdravko Kamenov Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Clinic of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Tsvetelina Velikova Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Adelina Tsakova Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Central Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Yosif El-Darawish Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan

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Haruki Okamura Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan

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inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNFα ( 45 ). Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS), inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor, ubiquitination and degradation of both IRS1 and IRS2, decreased transcription of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0273
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Open access
Qing Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Li Yong Zhang Department of Thyroid Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Mei Feng Dai Department of Clinical Lab, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Zhen Li Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Chao Chun Zou Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Hui Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) ( 8 , 9 , 10 ). In addition, studies have shown that the oral administration of chemical chaperones, such as 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), which alleviates ER stress, improved insulin signaling in ob/ob mice ( 11

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0302
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 8
Open access