Meena Asmar
Meena Asmar
Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ali Asmar
Ali Asmar
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lene Simonsen
Lene Simonsen
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Flemming Dela
Flemming Dela
Xlab, Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Juul Holst
Jens Juul Holst
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Bülow
Jens Bülow
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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intake ( 10 ). GIP is well founded as an incretin hormone potentiating insulin release from β-cells in healthy humans ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). In addition to its insulinotropic effects, we have previously shown that GIP infusion during physiological
Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Monika J Bak
Monika J Bak
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Bolette Hartmann
Bolette Hartmann
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Louise Wulff Christensen
Louise Wulff Christensen
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Rune E Kuhre
Rune E Kuhre
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Carolyn F Deacon
Carolyn F Deacon
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 12.2, DK‐2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Holst JJ . Targeting the intestinal L-cell for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment . Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism 2014 9 61 – 72 . ( doi:10.1586/17446651.2014.862152 ). 3 Holst JJ . Incretin hormones and the satiation signal
Ulrik Ø Andersen
Ulrik Ø Andersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dijana Terzic
Dijana Terzic
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Peter Dall Mark
Peter Dall Mark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Peter Plomgaard
Peter Plomgaard
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens F Rehfeld
Jens F Rehfeld
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Finn Gustafsson
Finn Gustafsson
Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens P Goetze
Jens P Goetze
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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( 23 ). While it remains unresolved exactly how sacubitril/valsartan improves the glycemic control, several mechanisms have been suggested including increased plasma concentrations of the incretin hormone GLP-1 ( 23 ). We have recently reported that
Shenghe Luo
Shenghe Luo
College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Yunhui Zuo
Yunhui Zuo
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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Xiaotian Cui
Xiaotian Cui
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Meiping Zhang
Meiping Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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Honghua Jin
Honghua Jin
Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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Lan Hong
Lan Hong
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Introduction Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is one of the components of incretin, which can regulate the metabolism of the body and has a wide range of pharmacological effects ( 1 , 2 ). GLP-1R agonists like as liraglutide are currently
Charlotte Janus
Charlotte Janus
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Dorte Vistisen
Dorte Vistisen
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Hanan Amadid
Hanan Amadid
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Daniel R Witte
Daniel R Witte
Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Torsten Lauritzen
Torsten Lauritzen
Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Søren Brage
Søren Brage
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Anne-Louise Bjerregaard
Anne-Louise Bjerregaard
Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Torben Hansen
Torben Hansen
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Marit E Jørgensen
Marit E Jørgensen
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Oluf Pedersen
Oluf Pedersen
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kristine Færch
Kristine Færch
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Signe S Torekov
Signe S Torekov
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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for premature mortality ( 4 ). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted from intestinal L-cells upon meal intake ( 5 ). GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner – as part of ‘the incretin effect’ – being
Jonathan Hazlehurst
Jonathan Hazlehurst
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Bernard Khoo
Bernard Khoo
Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Carolina Brito Lobato
Carolina Brito Lobato
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Ibiyemi Ilesanmi
Ibiyemi Ilesanmi
Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Sally Abbott
Sally Abbott
Department of Dietetics, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Tin Chan
Tin Chan
Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sanesh Pillai
Sanesh Pillai
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Kate Maslin
Kate Maslin
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Sanjay Purkayastha
Sanjay Purkayastha
Brunel University, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
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Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
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Barbara McGowan
Barbara McGowan
Endocrinology, Guys’ and St Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Rob Andrews
Rob Andrews
University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Eveleigh Nicholson
Eveleigh Nicholson
Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
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Katherine McCullough
Katherine McCullough
Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
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Lorraine Albon
Lorraine Albon
University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
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Rachel Batterham
Rachel Batterham
Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Georgios K Dimitriadis
Georgios K Dimitriadis
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Shareen Forbes
Shareen Forbes
BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Gavin Bewick
Gavin Bewick
School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Tricia M-M Tan
Tricia M-M Tan
Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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clarification were added with the assistance of BK, TT and CBL after peer review. Pathophysiology of PBH The exact pathophysiology of PBH is unknown, but the dynamic interaction of food absorption, incretin, and insulin secretion is thought to play a
Ann-Kristin Picke
Ann-Kristin Picke
Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Graeme Campbell
Graeme Campbell
Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
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Nicola Napoli
Nicola Napoli
Diabetes and Bone Network, Department Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Lorenz C Hofbauer
Lorenz C Hofbauer
Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Martina Rauner
Martina Rauner
Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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↑ ↓ ↑* ↑ ↓/= ↓/= ↑/= ↓/= Thiazolidinediones ↓ ↑ ↓/= ? ↓/=/↑ ↑/=/↑ ↓/= ↑/= Insulin ↑ = ↑/= ↑ = = = ↑/= Sulphonyl urea ↑ ↓ ↑ ? ↑/= ↓/= = ↑ Incretins ↓ ↓ ↑/= ? ↓/= ↓/= ↑/= ↓/= SGLT2
Benjamin Paul Green
Benjamin Paul Green
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Javier Thomas Gonzalez
Javier Thomas Gonzalez
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Kevin Thomas
Kevin Thomas
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Emma Stevenson
Emma Stevenson
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Penny Louise Sheena Rumbold
Penny Louise Sheena Rumbold
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009 90 1236 – 1243 . ( doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28095 ). 10 Atkinson G Nevill A
Julia Otten
Julia Otten
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Andreas Stomby
Andreas Stomby
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
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Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
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Maria Waling
Maria Waling
Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Elin Chorell
Elin Chorell
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mats Ryberg
Mats Ryberg
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Michael Svensson
Michael Svensson
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section for Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden
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Jens Juul Holst
Jens Juul Holst
NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tommy Olsson
Tommy Olsson
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-64-1-106 ) 18 Knop FK Vilsboll T Madsbad S Holst JJ Krarup T . Inappropriate suppression of glucagon during OGTT but not during isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion contributes to the reduced incretin effect in
Alexis Sudlow
Alexis Sudlow
Department of Upper GI Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Carel W le Roux
Carel W le Roux
Department of Experimental Pathology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Dimitri J Pournaras
Dimitri J Pournaras
Department of Upper GI Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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by a powerful incretin effect resulting in increased GLP-1, PYY and alterations in bile acid metabolism ( 32 , 33 ). The fact that it is an infrequently performed procedure reflects that it is not only technically challenging but also associated with
