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Małgorzata Kałużna Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Pola Kompf Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan, Poland

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Jerzy Moczko Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Aleksandra Królczyk Chair and Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Adam Janicki Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Karol Szapel Department of Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marian Grzymisławski Chair and Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Katarzyna Ziemnicka Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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) and women suffer from this condition 1.5–3 times more often than men ( 10 , 13 ). IBS-C or IBS-M seem to be more common in females, whereas men report more IBS-D symptoms ( 14 , 15 ). Research shows that young females are most severely affected by

Article Type:
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0309
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Xiying Zeng The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Yinxiang Huang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Mulin Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yun Chen The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Jiawen Ye The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Yan Han School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Danyan Ma School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xin Zheng Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xiaohong Yan Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Changqin Liu The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China

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only slightly during the menstrual cycle, serum concentration of AMH in females may represent both the quality and quantity of the ovarian follicle pool ( 8 , 9 ). A large amount of data has shown that AMH levels are generally much higher in women with

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Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0243
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Xiuhua Liao Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China

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Suqin Zhu Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Shumin Qiu Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Hua Cao Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Wenwen Jiang Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Huiling Xu Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Yan Sun Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Beihong Zheng Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China

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PCOS. Such endeavors hold the potential to yield novel insights into the pathophysiology of PCOS and advance female fertility preservation studies. Methods Animal Seventy female C57BL/6J mice at 3–4 weeks of age were purchased from SiPeiFu

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0343
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 1
Open access
Veronica Astro Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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Elisabetta Fiacco Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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Kelly Johanna Cardona-Londoño Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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Ilario De Toma Sequentia Biotech SL, Barcelona, Spain

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Hams Saeed Alzahrani Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Jumana Alama Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Amal Kokandi Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Taha Abo-Almagd Abdel-Meguid Hamoda Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Majed Felemban Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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Antonio Adamo Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

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fibroblasts ( Fig. 1D ) and in the generated iPSCs ( Fig. 1E ). XIST is a key mediator of the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) process, which allows the silencing of the extra X in females ( 25 , 26 ). We and others previously reported that XIST expression

Article Type:
Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0515
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 5
Open access
Yanfei Chen Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Mei Li Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Binrong Liao Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Jingzi Zhong Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Dan Lan Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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). Animal experiments revealed that chronic irisin exposure might lead to disorders in the female reproductive system and had androgenic potential on the HPGA in males and stimulated the expression and release of GnRH in mouse hypothalamic cells ( 15 , 16

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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0028
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Pravik Solanki Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Beng Eu Prahran Market Clinic, Victoria, Australia
Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Jeremy Smith Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Carolyn Allan Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Kevin Lee Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia

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dynorphin A ( 11 )) that project to GnRH neurons and tightly regulate the tonic/pulsatile release of GnRH in both males and females ( 12 ). Neurokinin B serves as an autoregulatory stimulatory signal for KNDy neurons whilst dynorphin A serves as an

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Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0358
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 12
Open access
Giuseppe Grande Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Graziani Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonella Di Mambro Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Riccardo Selice Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Ferlin Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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endocortical apposition ( 39 ). Moreover, men gain more bone mass during growth and lose less of it during aging than women. The traditional hypothesis is that in males androgens stimulate periosteal bone formation, whereas estrogens in females inhibit

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Review Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0058
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
Open access
Xinyuan Zhang Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Suiyan Li School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Hongwei Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Huai Bai Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qingqing Liu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Chunyi Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Ping Fan Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased serum adiponectin levels ( 40 , 41 ). Hmox2 deletion in mice also increased proton leakage and glycolysis in gonadal fat pads and decreased body weight in females but not in males under basal

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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0463
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Claus H Gravholt Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Alberto Ferlin Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Joerg Gromoll Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Armin Raznahan Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Sophie van Rijn Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands

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Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Anne Skakkebæk Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Nicole Tartaglia Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Hanna Swaab Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands

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,XXX syndrome-A comparison with Turner syndrome and 46,XX females . American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part C 2020 10 279– 293. ( https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31799 ) 11 Sharma A Jamil MA Nuesgen N Schreiner F Priebe L Hoffmann P

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0500
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Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Anna C van der Burgh Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Samer R Khan Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Sebastian J C M M Neggers Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Ewout J Hoorn Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Layal Chaker Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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K Doublier S Lupia E Striker GE Karl M . Gender-specific effects of endogenous testosterone: female alpha-estrogen receptor-deficient C57BL/6J mice develop glomerulosclerosis . Kidney International 2007 72 464 – 472 . ( https://doi.org/10

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Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 6
Open access