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? in exon 1) F1 PGL X X NA F6 PGL X X X X X X Chromogranin A (P) M3 PGL X Noradrenaline (U) Adrenaline (U) Metanephrines (P) B4 (c.3G
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); anti-chromogranin A (AbCam ab301704); anti-insulin (AbCam ab7842); anti-glucagon (AbCam ab10561971) and anti-Kras (AbCam ab84573). All HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson Laboratories) were applied for 1 h, followed by 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
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Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon Cedex 08, France
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University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France
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University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France
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Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Gastroentérologie, Lyon Cedex 03, France
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University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France
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University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France
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-up and the initial treatments was defined according to ENETS guidelines (French guidelines are similar) ( 3 , 6 ). Minimal work-up included laboratory test (chromogranin A), endoscopy along with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), imaging (CT scan, MRI, and
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demonstrated expression for chromogranin A and a Ki67 index of 1%. Exome sequencing revealed seven SNVs, one was classified as benign and six as unknown. There was one missense variant in SDHC located at position 477C<T, resulting in amino acid substitution
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biomarkers for both prognostic and diagnostic purposes (e.g. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A (CgA), and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). Identification of an optimal biomarker for a given
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Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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disseminated disease ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). Furthermore, the limitations of currently available mono-analyte biomarkers for predicting disease activity and behaviour; for example, the poor sensitivity and specificity of chromogranin A, are appreciated in the
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-like structures ( 5 ). Such tumours also express neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A (CgA) ( 6 ), synaptophysin, neuronal enolase and CD56 ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). A key aspect of the neuroendocrine phenotype is the formation of granules that secrete
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Parelsnoer Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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an association between blood type O and the occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors in the national Dutch MEN1 cohort? pNET, tumor markers Evidence-based screening DMSGPatient advocacy group What is the diagnostic accuracy of chromogranin A
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clinically limited. Chromogranin A (CgA), previously considered the neuroendocrine pan-biomarker, reflects secretory activity rather than tumor biology, heterogeneity or plasticity ( 7 , 8 ). It has limited clinical utility as well as methodological
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tumor grade at baseline were collected from the pathologists’ reports on biopsies of liver metastases or the primary PanNETs. Data on Chromogranin-A at baseline were obtained from the patients’ laboratory reports. Tumor measurements In each