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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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important role in the regulation of plasma glucose concentrations. In humans, FGF21 is mainly secreted from the liver in response to fructose ( 16 ), high-carbohydrate diet ( 17 ) and oral alcohol ingestion ( 13 , 14 ). It is not known how alcohol mediates
Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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realised with supplementary carbohydrates alone. Refractory hypoglycaemia may be successfully treated with adjunctive therapeutics including diazoxide, somatostatin analogues or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors ( 4 , 5 ). Although these
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-selected pace No active intervention Totally 30 min/session, 3 days/week Curi (18) , Brazil To reduce daily intake by 500 kcal Carbohydrate, 50%; fat, 30% and protein, 20% 30 min walk, three self-weight resistance exercises (squats, sit-ups, push-ups and
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Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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. Figure 1 Study design. B, baseline testing; CHO, carbohydrate; D, day; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; Lac, blood lactate level; NMES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation; P, post-testing; S, screening; SD, standard diet. * Less than 24–36 h
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161 837 – 844 . ( doi:10.1530/EJE-09-0419 ). 7 Laron Z Avitzur Y Klinger B . Carbohydrate metabolism in primary growth hormone resistance (Laron syndrome) before and during insulin-like growth factor-I treatment . Metabolism 1995 44
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
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phase consisted of three steps of 600–800 kcal/day with high-biological-value protein preparations obtained from cow’s milk, soy, eggs, green peas, and cereals, <50 g daily of carbohydrates from vegetables, and 10 g of olive oil per day. In step 1, which
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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consumed seems to be more important than the total number of calories. Recent studies reported that the glycemic load of carbohydrate calories consumed (high vs low glycemic load) was a more important predictor of weight gain than was the total number of
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results of the OGTT ( 24 ). Furthermore, carbohydrate intake preceding the OGTT might also influence the results of the OGTT ( 25 ). This study has several limitations. Due to the relative small sample size, external influences have a relatively large
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-thigh was used to quantify muscle area, total fat area, and low-density lean tissue of the thigh (11) . Metabolic testing To control intake of nutrient before the metabolic studies, all subjects were provided with a eucaloric diet (50–55% carbohydrate, 15
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included 70 g turkey, one boiled egg (ca 50 g), one banana (ca 105 g), half an apple with peel (ca 30 g), and cashew nuts without salt (25 g). The meal contained 419 kcal with 34%E carbohydrates, 41%E fat, and 25%E protein. Of the total protein content of