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Camila Aparecida Moma Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Icléia Siqueira Barreto Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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methods and environmental risk factors such as obesity ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). Papillary thyroid carcinoma can occur multifocally, with about 30% corresponding to microcarcinomas (tumor diameter ≤ 1 cm), and most metastases arise in regional lymph nodes

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Rocío del Carmen Bravo-Miana Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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Ana Belén Della Vedova Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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Ana Lucía De Paul Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina

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María Mónica Remedi Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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María Laura Guantay Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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Mónica Beatriz Gilardoni Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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Claudia Gabriela Pellizas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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Ana Carolina Donadio Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (X5000HUA), Argentina

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MMPs was evaluated by zymography. Co-cultures of Fb, thyroid tumor and non-tumor cells Fb (600,000 cells) and human thyroid tumor (TPC-1 or 8505c) or non-tumor (NThyOri) cells (600,000 cells) were mixed and plated together in 100-mm-diameter

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Klaus W Fagerstedt Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Tom Böhling Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
HUH Diagnostic Center and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Harri Sihto Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Tarja Salonen HUH Diagnostic Center and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Fang Zhao Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Mia Kero Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
HUH Diagnostic Center and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Leif C Andersson Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Arola Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
HUH Diagnostic Center and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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surgical cholecystectomy. Ultrasound imaging revealed an incidental finding of multiple liver metastases. No primary tumor was visualized in a full-body CT scan. Gastroscopy revealed an approximately 1-cm diameter mass with necrotic center at the border

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Pan Chen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Liqin Pan Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Wensi Huang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Huijuan Feng Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Wei Ouyang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Juqing Wu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Jing Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Yuying Deng Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Jiaxin Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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Yanying Chen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

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tumor and LNM. Indeed, when the size of the largest metastatic focus of LNM was ≥0.65 cm, the BRAF V600E mutation frequency was lower. In contrast, Kurtulmus et al. showed that BRAF V600E-positive metastatic lymph nodes were greater in diameter than

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Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Maxime Barat Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Anna Vaczlavik Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Anne Jouinot Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France

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Lucas Bouys Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Christelle Laguillier-Morizot Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France

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Corinne Zientek Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Catherine Simonneau Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Etienne Larger Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Diabetology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Laurence Guignat Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Lionel Groussin Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Guillaume Assié Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Jean Guibourdenche Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France

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Ioannis Nicolis Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
UR 7537 BioSTM, Paris, France

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Marie-Claude Menet Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS, UMR8000, Orsay, France

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Jérôme Bertherat Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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a form of bilateral benign adrenocortical tumors, responsible for hypercortisolism of progressive installation, often diagnosed between 40 and 65 years and characterized by the presence of bilateral macronodules (diameter >1 cm) on imaging

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Wentao Zhou The Research Institution of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Tiantao Kuang The Research Institution of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xu Han Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wenqi Chen Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xuefeng Xu The Research Institution of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wenhui Lou Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Dansong Wang The Research Institution of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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somatostatinoma. The median tumor diameter of the whole cohort was 2.7 cm (IQR 1.5–4.0 cm) and only seven patients (4.0%) harbored multiple primary lesions. According to the WHO criteria, 73 cases (42.0%) were classified as G1, 88 (50.6%) were G2 and 13 (7

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G Giuffrida Endocrine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy
PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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F Ferraù Endocrine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy
Department of Human Pathology ‘G. Barresi’, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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R Laudicella Nuclear Medicine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy
Department of Biomorphology, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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O R Cotta Department of Human Pathology ‘G. Barresi’, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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E Messina Endocrine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy

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F Granata Department of Biomorphology, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
Neuroradiology Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy

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F F Angileri Department of Biomorphology, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
Neurosurgery Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy

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A Vento Nuclear Medicine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy
Department of Biomorphology, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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A Alibrandi Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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S Baldari Nuclear Medicine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy
Department of Biomorphology, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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S Cannavò Endocrine Unit of University Hospital ‘AOU Policlinico G. Martino’, Messina, Italy
PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
Department of Human Pathology ‘G. Barresi’, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy

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‘invasive’ or ‘aggressive’ ( 1 ). Moreover, the term ‘giant’ adenoma is usually applied to those tumors exceeding 40 mm in maximum diameter ( 2 ). In PT patients, multimodal treatment, including neurosurgery, drugs and radiotherapy, is generally effective

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Adrian F Daly Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium

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David A Cano Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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Eva Venegas-Moreno Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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Patrick Petrossians Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium

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Elena Dios Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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Emilie Castermans Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium

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Alvaro Flores-Martínez Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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Vincent Bours Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium

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Albert Beckers Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium

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Alfonso Soto-Moreno Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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diagnosed at any time with a pituitary adenoma were eligible, up to a cut-off date of July 2017. Data on each patient included sex, date of birth, age at diagnosis, tumor size (maximum diameter), tumor classification (micro-or macroadenomas), treatment

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Sara Lomelino Pinheiro Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Ana Saramago Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Branca Maria Cavaco Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Carmo Martins Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Serviço de Endocrinologia e Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Tiago Nunes da Silva Serviço de Endocrinologia e Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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/Akt/mTOR pathway and CCND1 /cyclin D1 amplifications are also potentially driver events in PC ( 2 ). PC may occur in the context of genetic syndromes in up to 15% of patients with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT‐JT; CDC73/HRPT2 gene), 1% of familial isolated

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Irvin M Modlin Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Harry Aslanian Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Lisa Bodei Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA
Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Ignat Drozdov Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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Mark Kidd Wren Laboratories, Yale University School of Medicine, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, Connecticut, USA

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were noted for local (including small benign insulinomas ∼12 mm diameter) or metastatic tumors (including liver and bone deposits). In particular, the use of SSAs was not associated with a negative test; all SSA-treated patients exhibited a positive PCR

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