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Introduction About 10% of the population has a benign non-functioning thyroid nodule (NFTN) of 1 cm or larger ( 1 ), and 4–7% of these nodules are symptomatic ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Unilateral lobectomy and volume reduction by radioiodine (RAI) have
Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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contrast to the large decline in thyroid goiter, thyroid nodules have become increasingly common in mainland China, increasing from 2.73% in 1999 to 12.8% in 2011 and then to 20.43% in 2015 ( 10 , 11 ). The marked increase in thyroid nodules may be largely
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Introduction Thyroid nodules (TNs) are common endocrine masses that can be detected by palpation in approximately 4–7% of cases; however, ultrasound (US) examination of the thyroid is ten times more sensitive than palpation and can detect 19
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Introduction Thyroid nodules (TNs) are a common endocrine disease in China ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). It is estimated that 7–15% of TNs are thyroid cancer. Ultrasound (US) is useful not only for detection but also for discrimination between benign and
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Introduction The most common endocrine cancer is thyroid carcinoma, which accounts for approximately 1.0–1.5% of all newly diagnosed cancers each year in the USA ( 1 ). Only approximately 10–15% of thyroid nodules, which are common, are
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). Some studies have also reported an increased risk of malignancies, including hematopoietic, breast, skin, thyroid, and urinary tract carcinoma ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). Previous studies have reported 15–75% of patients with PHPT have concomitant thyroid nodules
Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Introduction Thyroid nodular disease is common in many populations, with the majority of the nodules being benign ( 1 ). The primary purpose of diagnostic testing is to assess the risk of thyroid carcinoma in these nodules. Although
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Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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81% for AUS/FLUS and 11 and 65.7% for FN/SFN nodules have been reported ( 4 ). Thus, studies using techniques with varying degrees of complexity and cost have been conducted to clarify the nature of AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN thyroid lesions, such as those
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nodules ( 9 ). It has been reported that internal echogenicity is lower and irregular after the development of thyroid dysfunction induced by PD-1 antibody therapy ( 10 ). Another study found that hypoechogenicity on thyroid sonography was associated with
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Introduction Thyroid nodules are an increasingly common finding during imaging examinations of the neck, but only a small proportion of these lesions ultimately prove to be malignant ( 1 ). Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy plays a major