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Trevor Lewis Physiotherapy Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

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Eva Zeisig Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå Univerisity, Umeå, Sweden

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Jamie E Gaida University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

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the context of the stress response, it is important to remember that the HPA axis is only one of many stress-responsive systems within the body ( 15 , 18 ). A stressor is a real or perceived threat to homeostasis or well-being. This definition

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0555
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 3
Open access
Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska National Institute of Health, NIDDK, Office 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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John Costello Jr Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Kirk Jensen Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Aneeta Patel Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Rok Tkavc Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Douglas Van Nostrand Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Kenneth D Burman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Leonard Wartofsky Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington Hospital Center, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Vasyl Vasko Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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cell response to treatment with DNA-damaging agents. For induction of DNA damage, we used three models: oxidative stress (treatment with H 2 O 2 ), treatment with the radiomimetic neocarzinostatin (NSC) and γ-radiation. These DNA-damaging treatments

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0138
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 7
Open access
Milena Kloter Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Claudia Gregoriano Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Ellen Haag Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Kutz Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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endocrine stress response and stabilize blood hemostasis through vasoconstrictive effects and the overwhelming immune response through immunomodulatory effects ( 5 ). While pharmacological treatment of sepsis patients with vasopressin did not appear to lower

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0211
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
N Bergmann Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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F Gyntelberg Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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J Faber Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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stress-concept into stressors (strain), stress (the bodily reaction to stressors), and distress (the emotional consequences as reactions to the stressors) (2) . Stress occurs when the sum of stressors exceeds an individual threshold. The stress-response

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0031
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Mardia López-Alarcón Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Jessie N Zurita-Cruz Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Alonso Torres-Rodríguez Escuela Española de Desarrollo Transpersonal, Madrid, España

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Karla Bedia-Mejía Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Manuel Pérez-Güemez Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Leonel Jaramillo-Villanueva Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico

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Mario E Rendón-Macías Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, México, Mexico

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Jose R Fernández Departments of Nutrition Sciences and Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

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Patricia Martínez-Maroñas Escuela Española de Desarrollo Transpersonal, Madrid, España

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screen), share a common scenario that is an adaptation in response to stress ( 6 ). Importantly, obese patients with these eating disorders have demonstrated a poor response to conventional weight loss interventions ( 6 ). Therefore, the search for

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0461
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 2
Open access
Andrew R Dismukes Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Vanessa J Meyer Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Elizabeth A Shirtcliff Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Katherine P Theall Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Kyle C Esteves Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Stacy S Drury Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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fluctuates in response to social stressors ( 2 ). Unlike other steroid hormones that have specific receptors, DHEA binds to a range of receptors, including the estrogen receptor ( 3 ). DHEA serves as a prohormone for estrogen and testosterone and can broadly

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0007
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Open access
Patricia Arroyo Tardio University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Gabriela Baldini University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland

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Eleonora Seelig University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland

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that modulates this circadian cortisol rhythm. The cortisol peak in response to food intake was first described in the 1970s and has been repeatedly reproduced in normal-weight subjects ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). In lean populations, cortisol levels rise

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0126
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
Open access
Zhiwei Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China

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Hui Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China

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Aixia Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China

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the cellular response to metabolic stress, and inhibited AMPK signaling has been found to correlate with insulin resistance, inflammation ( 17 , 18 ) and oxidative stress ( 19 ). For example, activating AMPK has been found to attenuate LPS

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0466
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Jian Gong School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Yinjuan Lv School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Yuhao Meng Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Weiheng Zhang Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Xiaocui Jiang Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Min Xiao Laboratory Animal Center, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China

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Introduction Prenatal stress (PS) is the body's response when various internal and external factors stimulate a woman during pregnancy ( 1 ). Studies have shown that when women are exposed to stressful events during pregnancy, they can disrupt

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0027
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 10
Open access
Qing Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Li Yong Zhang Department of Thyroid Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Mei Feng Dai Department of Clinical Lab, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Zhen Li Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Chao Chun Zou Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Hui Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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involved in the development of insulin resistance ( 6 , 7 ). c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a kinase that is activated in the early ER stress response, is involved in insulin resistance, which suppresses insulin signaling via the serine phosphorylation of

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0302
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 8
Open access