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were advised to avoid smoking, drinking alcohol or coffee for 2 h before sample collection. Steroid-containing skin creams were to be avoided, and patients were advised to wash their hands before collection. Some patients gave their saliva samples while
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). The high prevalence of Addison’s disease and POI is due the presence of cross-reacting autoantibodies to steroid-producing cells (StCA), targeting antigenic factors including 17alpha hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (17-OH), P-450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P
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): diabetes mellitus with over 10 years of evolution, chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal transplant, chronic synthetic glucocorticoid therapy (initiated ≥6 weeks before the episode), use of heparin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, β-blockers, aliskiren
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other hormonal hypersecretion (pheochromocytoma or sexual steroids) was included to compare the cardiometabolic profile with that of the ACS–PA group ( Fig. 1 ). As we have previously described ( 17 ), the clinical data of the patients were entered into
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, irritability, gastrointestinal intolerance and a hyperglycaemic response to oral glucose administration in a few cases ( 94 ). Steroid-induced gestational diabetes could directly affect the child prenatally and result in developmental disorders later in life
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positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MR will present a better solution, when longer half-life radiotracers will become more widely available ( 55 , 56 ). Alternatively, mass spectrometry-based steroid profiling combined with applications of
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