Sandra R Dahl
Sandra R Dahl
Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Ingrid Nermoen
Ingrid Nermoen
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Ingeborg Brønstad
Ingeborg Brønstad
National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Eystein S Husebye
Eystein S Husebye
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
K.G. Jebsen-Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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K.G. Jebsen-Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Kristian Løvås
Kristian Løvås
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
K.G. Jebsen-Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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K.G. Jebsen-Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Per M Thorsby
Per M Thorsby
Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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assessment is not sensitive enough to identify subtle over- and under-treatment. Assay of the intermediates 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and androstenedione is often used, but results are often difficult to interpret as cross-reactivity between steroids
Thomas Reinehr
Thomas Reinehr
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Alexandra Kulle
Alexandra Kulle
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany
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Juliane Rothermel
Juliane Rothermel
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Caroline Knop-Schmenn
Caroline Knop-Schmenn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Nina Lass
Nina Lass
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Christina Bosse
Christina Bosse
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Paul-Martin Holterhus
Paul-Martin Holterhus
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig – Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel/Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, CAU, Kiel, Germany
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underlying mechanisms of PCOS are not fully understood yet though obesity and insulin resistance are regarded as major risk factors for hyperandrogenism in PCOS due to abnormal sex steroid production in ovaries and adrenals ( 2 ). Especially, the differential
María J Gómora
María J Gómora
Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Flavia Morales-Vásquez
Flavia Morales-Vásquez
Departamento de Oncología Médica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Enrique Pedernera
Enrique Pedernera
Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Delia Perez-Montiel
Delia Perez-Montiel
Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Horacio López-Basave
Horacio López-Basave
Departamento de Cirugía Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Antonio R Villa
Antonio R Villa
División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Azucena Hernández-Martínez
Azucena Hernández-Martínez
Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, CdMx, Mexico
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Esteban Mena
Esteban Mena
Unidad de Apoyo Académico, Secretaría General, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Carmen Mendez
Carmen Mendez
Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, Mexico
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that can increase the incidence as well as tumor aggressiveness ( 8 , 9 , 10 ). Sexual steroid hormones acting through their receptors regulate signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, cell
Johanna Christina Penell
Johanna Christina Penell
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mark M Kushnir
Mark M Kushnir
Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Lars Lind
Lars Lind
Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jonatan Bergquist
Jonatan Bergquist
Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jonas Bergquist
Jonas Bergquist
Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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P Monica Lind
P Monica Lind
Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tord Naessen
Tord Naessen
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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inter-variation than estradiol ( 7 , 12 ), which declines with the onset of menopause. Estradiol levels are very low in postmenopausal women ( 7 ) but play an important role for physiological functions. Although data on endogenous sex steroid
Pravik Solanki
Pravik Solanki
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Beng Eu
Beng Eu
Prahran Market Clinic, Victoria, Australia
Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jeremy Smith
Jeremy Smith
Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Carolyn Allan
Carolyn Allan
Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kevin Lee
Kevin Lee
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Introduction Anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) use is illegal if not prescribed by a medical practitioner ( 1 ). Androgens are abused predominantly by young males trying to improve sporting performance or to increase muscle mass and decrease
Sonja Kunz
Sonja Kunz
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Xiao Wang
Xiao Wang
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Uta Ferrari
Uta Ferrari
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Michael Drey
Michael Drey
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Marily Theodoropoulou
Marily Theodoropoulou
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Katharina Schilbach
Katharina Schilbach
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Martin Reincke
Martin Reincke
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Margit Heier
Margit Heier
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Annette Peters
Annette Peters
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Wolfgang Koenig
Wolfgang Koenig
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Tanja Zeller
Tanja Zeller
Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Barbara Thorand
Barbara Thorand
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Martin Bidlingmaier
Martin Bidlingmaier
Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Introduction Steroid hormones are signaling molecules involved in regulation of electrolyte concentrations, blood pressure, reproductive functions, and metabolism ( 1 ). A lack or an excess of steroids results from enzyme defects, adenomas, or
Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Maxime Barat
Maxime Barat
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Anna Vaczlavik
Anna Vaczlavik
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Anne Jouinot
Anne Jouinot
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
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Lucas Bouys
Lucas Bouys
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Christelle Laguillier-Morizot
Christelle Laguillier-Morizot
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Corinne Zientek
Corinne Zientek
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Catherine Simonneau
Catherine Simonneau
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Etienne Larger
Etienne Larger
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Diabetology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Diabetology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Laurence Guignat
Laurence Guignat
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Lionel Groussin
Lionel Groussin
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Guillaume Assié
Guillaume Assié
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Jean Guibourdenche
Jean Guibourdenche
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Ioannis Nicolis
Ioannis Nicolis
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
UR 7537 BioSTM, Paris, France
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UR 7537 BioSTM, Paris, France
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Marie-Claude Menet
Marie-Claude Menet
Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS, UMR8000, Orsay, France
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Jérôme Bertherat
Jérôme Bertherat
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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-24 stimulation test is not only used to make the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency, characterized by an insufficient response of cortisol, but is also very useful to detect partial enzymatic deficiency, characterized by an explosive response of the steroid
Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Aleid J G Wirix
Aleid J G Wirix
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ines A von Rosenstiel-Jadoul
Ines A von Rosenstiel-Jadoul
Department of Pediatrics, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mai J M Chinapaw
Mai J M Chinapaw
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michaela F Hartmann
Michaela F Hartmann
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Joana E Kist-van Holthe
Joana E Kist-van Holthe
Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stefan A Wudy
Stefan A Wudy
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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development of obesity-associated hypertension requires various concerted steps that could result in an increased availability of bioactive glucocorticoids. Therefore, in the present study using targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) steroid
Henrik H Thomsen
Henrik H Thomsen
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Holger J Møller
Holger J Møller
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Christian Trolle
Christian Trolle
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Kristian A Groth
Kristian A Groth
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Anne Skakkebæk
Anne Skakkebæk
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Anders Bojesen
Anders Bojesen
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Christian Høst
Christian Høst
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Claus H Gravholt
Claus H Gravholt
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a novel marker linked to states of low-grade inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, liver disease, and atherosclerosis, all prevalent in subjects with Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS). We aimed to assess the levels of sCD163 and the regulation of sCD163 in regards to treatment with sex hormone therapy in males with and without KS and females with and without TS. Males with KS (n=70) and age-matched controls (n=71) participating in a cross-sectional study and 12 healthy males from an experimental hypogonadism study. Females with TS (n=8) and healthy age-matched controls (n=8) participating in a randomized crossover trial. The intervention comprised of treatment with sex steroids. Males with KS had higher levels of sCD163 compared with controls (1.75 (0.47–6.90) and 1.36 (0.77–3.11) respectively, P<0.001) and the levels correlated to plasma testosterone (r=−0.31, P<0.01), BMI (r=0.42, P<0.001), and homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (r=0.46, P<0.001). Treatment with testosterone did not significantly lower sCD163. Females with TS not receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had higher levels of sCD163 than those of their age-matched healthy controls (1.38±0.44 vs 0.91±0.40, P=0.04). HRT and oral contraceptive therapy decreased sCD163 in TS by 22% (1.07±0.30) and in controls by 39% (0.55±0.36), with significance in both groups (P=0.01 and P=0.04). We conclude that levels of sCD163 correlate with endogenous testosterone in KS and are higher in KS subjects compared with controls, but treatment did not significantly lower levels. Both endogenous and exogenous estradiol in TS was associated with lower levels of sCD163.
Janko Sattler
Janko Sattler
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Jinwen Tu
Jinwen Tu
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Shihani Stoner
Shihani Stoner
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jingbao Li
Jingbao Li
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Frank Buttgereit
Frank Buttgereit
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Markus J Seibel
Markus J Seibel
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Hong Zhou
Hong Zhou
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mark S Cooper
Mark S Cooper
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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. Inadequately low serum levels of steroid hormones in relation to interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in untreated patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis . Arthritis and Rheumatism 2002 46 654 – 662 . ( https://doi.org/10
