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often observed in PCOS women ( 4 , 5 , 6 ). Irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, acne, and infertility may aggravate stress and psychological disorders ( 7 , 8 ). PCOS patients deal with biopsychosocial changes that may affect sexual functioning
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concentrations in serum in the morning on at least two occasions (<10.4 nmol/L) ( 2 , 3 ). Low androgen levels cause morbidity and affect health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) due to infertility, decrease of sexual functions, muscle mass, strength and vitality
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Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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, chronic fatigue, joint pain and muscular ache ( 18 , 24 , 25 , 26 ). These various symptoms amount to the so-called post-finasteride syndrome (PFS). Two recent clinical studies objectivated impaired sexual function and major depression in PSF patients
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Hematology Department, Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Endocrine Department, Elias Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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following HSCT results in a spectrum of gonadal function with varied clinical outcomes ( 5 ). Ovarian failure after HSCT has been observed in 65–84% of transplant recipients ( 5 , 12 , 13 , 14 ). In patients performing HSCT for hematological malignancies
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Introduction Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy is a debated matter ( 1 , 2 ). The role of thyroid hormones in fetal brain development has long drawn ample attention to the potential adverse consequences of abnormal maternal thyroid
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sexual behavior, pubertal timing and ovulation – at least in mice ( 15 , 16 ). Reproductive function is energy costly and requires a threshold of energy reserves, as situations of negative energy balance (e.g. anorexia nervosa) or excessive energy
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: regulation of corpus cavernosum structure and function . Journal of Sexual Medicine 2005 2 759 – 770 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00094.x ) 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00094.x 17 Okumu LA Braden TD Vail K Simon L Goyal HO. Low androgen
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, function, and potential molecular mechanisms of kisspeptin/KISS1R in the peripheral reproductive system can also contribute to our general knowledge of typical sexually dimorphic patterns of pubertal development. However, progress in this area will also
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, including deafness, renal abnormalities and digital anomalies ( 1 , 2 ). Furthermore, IHH can be categorized according to olfactory function as IHH with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IHH; nIHH) and IHH with anosmia/hyposmia (Kallmann syndrome; KS
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
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Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
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critical role in the promotion of healthy reproductive function (reviewed in (2, 3, 4, 5) ). Elevations in GCs during proestrus have been shown to promote receptive behavior, stimulate gonadotropins, facilitate ovulation, and reduce damage caused by