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Xiaohui Weng School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai, China

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Gehong Li School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, China

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Ziwei Liu Department of endocrinology, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Rui Liu Department of VIP Unit, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

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Zhaoyang Liu Digital Intelligent Cockpit Department, Intelligent Connected Vehicle Development Institute, China FAW Group Co LTD, Changchun, China

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Songyang Wang Digital Intelligent Cockpit Department, Intelligent Connected Vehicle Development Institute, China FAW Group Co LTD, Changchun, China

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Shishun Zhao School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, China

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Xiaotong Ma School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, China

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Zhiyong Chang Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai, China
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China

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. A pattern recognition method based on principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify gaseous VOCs in 120 healthy volunteers and 120 diabetic patients to study the ability of features to distinguish health status. PCA results showed that 60

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Kylie D Rock Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Brian Horman Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Allison L Phillips Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Susan L McRitchie NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Scott Watson NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Jocelin Deese-Spruill NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

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Dereje Jima Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Susan Sumner NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Res. Core, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Heather M Stapleton Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Heather B Patisaul Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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intensities. Multivariate data analysis was conducted using SIMCA 13.0 (Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden) for data normalized to the sum of intensities. Mean centered and pareto scaled were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Projections to

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Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

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Amy E Mendham Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

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Jon Hauksson Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Umea University, Umea, Sweden

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Ali Alhamud Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya

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Darko Stefanovski Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Centre, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA

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Olah Hakim Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

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Jeroen Swart Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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Louise M Goff Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

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Steven E Kahn Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Tommy Olsson Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden

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Julia H Goedecke Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

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(rho 0.350, P = 0.021). Associations of DI and its components with CLp and FE L Further, in univariate analysis, DI was positively associated with CLp and inversely with FE L which explained 23.4 and 16.8% of the variance in DI, respectively

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Orwa Dandash Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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James Allebone Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Adam Mirabelli Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Nicholas Russell Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Andrea Gogos Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Department of Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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Richard A Kanaan Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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spurious signal from the data and was subjected to principal component analyses using a CompCor method ( 39 ). The first five components were retained from each analysis. A linear regression model that included these ten component signals and the six head

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Jyotsna S Jagai Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Alison K Krajewski Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health and Environmental Systems Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

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Kyla N Price Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Danelle T Lobdell U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

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Robert M Sargis Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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index, water index, land index, built environment index, and sociodemographic index) were created by retaining the first component of a principal components analysis (PCA) that included all of the domain-specific variables. A list of variables and those

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Ling Zhou Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Zhexin Ni Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Wen Cheng Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Jin Yu Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Shuai Sun Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Dongxia Zhai Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Chaoqin Yu Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Zailong Cai Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

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software (version v.1.30.1). Sobs, chao and ace indexes reflected community richness. Simpson and Shannon indexes reflected community diversity. Coverage index reflected community coverage. Beta diversity was reflected by principal co-ordinates analysis

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Glenville Jones Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

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tissues around the body where it has a myriad of different physiological effects. Before we get into the history of vitamin D, let us first remind the reader of the general aspects of its nomenclature, origins and principal functions. Vitamin D is a

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Susanna Cirera
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Sophia G Moesgaard Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Nora E Zois Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Nathja Ravn Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Jens P Goetze Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Signe E Cremer Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Tom Teerlink Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Páll S Leifsson Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Jesper L Honge Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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J Michael Hasenkam Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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Lisbeth H Olsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

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were performed using t -tests with Tukey corrections of the P values. Principal component analysis (PCA), which reveals the internal structure of the data, was applied to autoscaled log 2 expression values of all investigated genes and was performed

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Marlena Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Emanuel Christ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Christian Andreas Nebiker Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Kutz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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, a creatinine clearance <60 mL/min, 24-h urine calcium >10 mmol/day, or increased risk of nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis by biochemical analysis or on imaging. However, in clinical practice the decision to perform parathyroidectomy has been

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Xiaonan Guo Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Wenjing Hu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Xiaorui Lyu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Hanyuan Xu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Huijuan Zhu Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Hui Pan Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Linjie Wang Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Hongbo Yang Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Fengying Gong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed using metaX (a flexible and comprehensive software for processing metabolomics data). We applied univariate analysis ( t -test) to calculate the statistical

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