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Kevin C J Yuen Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States

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Gudmundur Johannsson Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ken K Y Ho The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

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Bradley S Miller Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, M Health Fairview Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

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Ignacio Bergada Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alan D Rogol Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States

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Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can present either as isolated GHD or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in children and adults. Childhood-onset GHD (CO-GHD) is often idiopathic

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Patrizia Bruzzi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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Silvia Vannelli Pediatric Endocrinologic Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Emanuela Scarano Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Natascia Di Iorgi Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Maria Parpagnoli Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy

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MariaCarolina Salerno Department of Translational Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Marco Pitea Pediatric Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

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Maria Elisabeth Street Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Paediatrics, Department of Mother and Child-AUSL of Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Andrea Secco Pediatric Unit, Azienda ospedaliero Nazionale SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy

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Adolfo Andrea Trettene Pediatric Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy

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Malgorzata Wasniewska Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Nicola Corciulo Pediatric Unit, P.O. Gallipoli, ASL Lecce, Italy

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Gianluca Tornese Institute for maternal and child health IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy

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Maria Felicia Faienza DAI Scienze Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy

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Maurizio Delvecchio U.O. Malattie Metaboliche e Genetiche e Diabetologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy

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Simona Filomena Madeo Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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Lorenzo Iughetti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Paediatric Unit, Modena, Italy

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17 e0264403. ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264403 ) 8 Binder G . Short stature due to SHOX deficiency: genotype, phenotype, and therapy . Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2011 75 81 – 89 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000324105 ) 9

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Urszula Smyczyńska Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland

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Joanna Smyczyńska Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland

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Maciej Hilczer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

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Renata Stawerska Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland

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Ryszard Tadeusiewicz Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland

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Andrzej Lewiński Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) therapy is widely approved in children with short stature caused by GH deficiency (GHD). It has also been documented that GH therapy may be beneficial in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS); however

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Izabelle Lövgren Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Azadeh Abravan Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Abigail Bryce-Atkinson Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Marcel van Herk Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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to hormone deficiency. This can lead to further unfavourable health problems such as short stature and low bone mineral density ( 6 ). Sparing the endocrine system during RT will not only reduce the risk of endocrinopathy and improve the long

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Ditte Sofie Dahl Sørensen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jesper Krogh Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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efficacy. There might also be differences between classic vs non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency for example, it has been questioned if DHEAs is a valid disease marker in classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency ( 6 ). Adding to the complexity, 24-h hormone

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Martin Bidlingmaier Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Ana-Claudia Latronico Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Martin O Savage Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK

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medicine practices and tools into transitional care for patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Data from the published literature on linear growth in children with GH deficiency, disorders of puberty, genetic analysis, paediatric adrenal tumours and

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Sidsel Mathiesen Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kaspar Sørensen Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Marianne Ifversen Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Casper P Hagen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jørgen Holm Petersen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Klaus Müller Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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-term follow-up study, we reported a high risk of testosterone deficiency and azoospermia in adult survivors of pediatric allogeneic HSCT ( 8 ). In the present study, we aimed at combining these data with a retrospective analysis of reproductive hormones and

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Jelena Stankovic Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Kurt Kristensen Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Niels Birkebæk Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Esben Søndergaard Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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, which is commonly used for diagnosing growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in children ( 6 , 7 ), has proven valuable as a stimulant of the posterior pituitary too ( 1 ). Arginine-stimulated copeptin measurements is suggested as a safe and expedient

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Morten Winkler Møller Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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Marianne Skovsager Andersen Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Christian Bonde Pedersen Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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Bjarne Winther Kristensen Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Frantz Rom Poulsen Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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function and vision improvement. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether low field iMRI during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery significantly (1) improved tumor resection, (2) augmented pituitary hormone deficiency and/or (3

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Mark R Postma Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Pia Burman Department of Endocrinology, Skane University Hospital Malmö, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

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André P van Beek Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Introduction Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is characterized by changes in body fat distribution with increased central adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, increased predisposition to atherogenesis and reduced bone remodelling activity. It is

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