Johan G Beun
Johan G Beun
AdrenalNET, The Netherlands
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Pia Burman
Pia Burman
Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
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Olle Kämpe
Olle Kämpe
Department of Medicine (Solna), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Eystein S Husebye
Eystein S Husebye
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Stephanie Hahner
Stephanie Hahner
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
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Jette Kristensen
Jette Kristensen
Addison Foreningen i Danmark, Denmark
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Alida Noordzij
Alida Noordzij
AdrenalNET, The Netherlands
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Per Dahlqvist
Per Dahlqvist
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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hormone. Once diagnosed, chronic, daily replacement with glucocorticoids is essential. An adequate hormone replacement dose is considered to be a total of 15–25 mg hydrocortisone (or cortisone acetate 20–35 mg per day) in adults in two to three daily doses
Annelies van’t Westeinde
Annelies van’t Westeinde
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leif Karlsson
Leif Karlsson
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Valeria Messina
Valeria Messina
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lena Wallensteen
Lena Wallensteen
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Manuela Brösamle
Manuela Brösamle
European Patient Advocacy Group for Adrenal Diseases, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo ERN), Endo ERN Coordinating Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Giorgio Dal Maso
Giorgio Dal Maso
ArfSAG (Associazione Refionale Famiglie Sindrome Adreno Genitale) c/o Unita Operativa di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S Orsala-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Alessandro Lazzerini
Alessandro Lazzerini
Spanish Association of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Spain
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Jette Kristensen
Jette Kristensen
ePAG & Chair of Danish Addison Patient Association, Aarhus, Denmark
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Diana Kwast
Diana Kwast
Dutch Adrenal Society NVACP, Nijkerk, The Netherlands
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Lea Tschaidse
Lea Tschaidse
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Matthias K Auer
Matthias K Auer
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Hanna F Nowotny
Hanna F Nowotny
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Svetlana Lajic
Svetlana Lajic
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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, which is required for the conversion of cholesterol to cortisol and aldosterone, rendering it either partly or completely ineffective ( 2 , 3 ). Patients with classic CAH, therefore, experience glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid deficiency
Avinaash Maharaj
Avinaash Maharaj
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruth Kwong
Ruth Kwong
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Jack Williams
Jack Williams
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Christopher Smith
Christopher Smith
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Helen Storr
Helen Storr
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruth Krone
Ruth Krone
Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Debora Braslavsky
Debora Braslavsky
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutiérrez’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maria Clemente
Maria Clemente
Paediatric Endocrinology, Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Nanik Ram
Nanik Ram
Department of Endocrinology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Indraneel Banerjee
Indraneel Banerjee
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Semra Çetinkaya
Semra Çetinkaya
Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Federica Buonocore
Federica Buonocore
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Tülay Güran
Tülay Güran
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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John C Achermann
John C Achermann
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Louise Metherell
Louise Metherell
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Rathi Prasad
Rathi Prasad
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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findings reported were assessed against SGPL1 variant, sex, age of endocrine disease presentation and ethnicity of patient. Specifically, cases (reports) were reviewed for details of adrenal disease, including absence/presence of glucocorticoid
Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Maxime Barat
Maxime Barat
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Anna Vaczlavik
Anna Vaczlavik
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Anne Jouinot
Anne Jouinot
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
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Lucas Bouys
Lucas Bouys
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Christelle Laguillier-Morizot
Christelle Laguillier-Morizot
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Corinne Zientek
Corinne Zientek
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Catherine Simonneau
Catherine Simonneau
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Etienne Larger
Etienne Larger
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Diabetology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Diabetology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Laurence Guignat
Laurence Guignat
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Lionel Groussin
Lionel Groussin
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Guillaume Assié
Guillaume Assié
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Jean Guibourdenche
Jean Guibourdenche
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Hormonology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
INSERM, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine : Microbiote Pré & Post natal, Paris, France
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Ioannis Nicolis
Ioannis Nicolis
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
UR 7537 BioSTM, Paris, France
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UR 7537 BioSTM, Paris, France
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Marie-Claude Menet
Marie-Claude Menet
Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS, UMR8000, Orsay, France
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Jérôme Bertherat
Jérôme Bertherat
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Endocrinology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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April for UL or BL benign adrenocortical tumors and having a Synacthen® (ACTH 1-24) test during hospitalization in this context were included in our study. CAH, primary hyperaldosteronism and the recent use of exogenous glucocorticoids represented
Deirdre Green
Deirdre Green
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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Rosemary Dineen
Rosemary Dineen
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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Michael W O’Reilly
Michael W O’Reilly
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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Mark Sherlock
Mark Sherlock
Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
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affecting the normal structure and function of the adrenal gland, leading to a deficiency in glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and adrenal androgens ( 2 ). Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) occurs due to impairment of the hypothalamus
Trine Holm Johannsen
Trine Holm Johannsen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jakob Albrethsen
Jakob Albrethsen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vassos Neocleous
Vassos Neocleous
The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Federico Baronio
Federico Baronio
S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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Martine Cools
Martine Cools
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lise Aksglaede
Lise Aksglaede
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Jørgensen
Niels Jørgensen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Peter Christiansen
Peter Christiansen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Meropi Toumba
Meropi Toumba
The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Pavlos Fanis
Pavlos Fanis
The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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adrenocorticotropic hormone and, thus, an overproduction of adrenal androgens, which may result in virilization, an altered growth pattern, and infertility ( 2 ). Treatment of CAH may comprise life-long replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sánchez
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sánchez
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Alfonso Luis Calle-Pascual
Alfonso Luis Calle-Pascual
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España
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Miguel Ángel Rubio-Herrera
Miguel Ángel Rubio-Herrera
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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María Paz De Miguel Novoa
María Paz De Miguel Novoa
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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Isabelle Runkle
Isabelle Runkle
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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nephron. However, the importance of cortisol progressively increases as levels of the glucocorticoid rise to upper limits of normal ( 1 ). MR activation in principal cells leads to the synthesis of amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channels and their
Rachel Forfar
Rachel Forfar
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Mashal Hussain
Mashal Hussain
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Puneet Khurana
Puneet Khurana
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Jennifer Cook
Jennifer Cook
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Steve Lewis
Steve Lewis
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Dillon Popat
Dillon Popat
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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David Jackson
David Jackson
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ed McIver
Ed McIver
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Jeff Jerman
Jeff Jerman
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Debra Taylor
Debra Taylor
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Adrian JL Clark
Adrian JL Clark
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Li F Chan
Li F Chan
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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vasopressin. ACTH then acts on the adrenal glands to produce glucocorticoids and cortisol in humans. Cortisol negatively feeds back at the level of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus to inhibit further production and release ACTH. The melanocortins act
Timothy J Morris
Timothy J Morris
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Andrew Whatmore
Andrew Whatmore
Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Laura Hamilton
Laura Hamilton
Pathology Department, Clinical Biochemistry, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Lindley, Huddersfield, UK
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Beverly Hird
Beverly Hird
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Eric S Kilpatrick
Eric S Kilpatrick
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Lesley Tetlow
Lesley Tetlow
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Peter Clayton
Peter Clayton
Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Introduction Patients with adrenal insufficiency are treated with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement ( 1 , 2 ). Plasma renin measured as either plasma renin activity (PRA) or plasma renin concentration (PRC) is used to evaluate
Dafydd Aled Rees
Dafydd Aled Rees
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Deborah P Merke
Deborah P Merke
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, USA
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Wiebke Arlt
Wiebke Arlt
MRC LMS, London, United Kingdom
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Aude Brac De La Perriere
Aude Brac De La Perriere
Hospices Civils de Lyon - GHE - Endocrinologie, Bron, France
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Angelica Linden Hirschberg
Angelica Linden Hirschberg
Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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John Newell-Price
John Newell-Price
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Alessandro Prete
Alessandro Prete
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Endokrinologie, Nephrologie und weitere Sektionen - Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany
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Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Philippe A Touraine
Philippe A Touraine
University Hospitals Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France
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Alex Lewis
Alex Lewis
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, London, United Kingdom
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John Porter
John Porter
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, London, United Kingdom
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Helen Coope
Helen Coope
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, London, United Kingdom
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Richard J Ross
Richard J Ross
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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adrenal androgens ( 1 ). To address this, clinicians have used a variety of treatment regimens, including the use of a higher dose of glucocorticoid at night in a reverse circadian treatment pattern. A recent comparison, using a higher dose of
