Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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their contributions to the evolutionarily divergent potentials of CM proliferation and heart regeneration, including thyroid hormone, vitamin D, and glucocorticoids. A recent phylogenetic analysis of CM ploidy, a proxy of cardiac regenerative potential
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are primary stress hormones and critical regulators of several physiological mechanisms. GCs commonly elicit their function through glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated genomic effects. However, these
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Introduction Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have premature morbidity and mortality ( 1 ). Mildly elevated levels of glucocorticoids or non-circadian timing of therapy may contribute towards cardiovascular disease and increased
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
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Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
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Introduction Elevated glucocorticoid (GC) titers associated with chronic stress can lead to reproductive failure (1) . Consequently, studies of reproductive dysfunction often focus on the suppressive effects of GCs. However, GCs also play a
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Introduction Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare disease consisting of the inability of the adrenal cortex to produce adequate levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), with or without concomitant inadequate production of mineralocorticoids
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regulation of precursors of androgens and other steroid hormones within the steroid metabolome encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and estrogens is largely unknown in PCOS. Although PCOS has frequently been reported in adolescents, the
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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AI and long-term glucocorticoid substitution therapy or glucocorticoid excess in Cushing’s syndrome (CS), are regularly prone to infections, especially those of the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract, due to impaired immune cell function ( 17
Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GC) are a naturally occurring catabolic steroid, produced by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and regulated by neuroendocrine and immune responses ( 1 , 2 ). Synthetic forms of GC, such as
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pathway of the stress response ( 1 ). This in turn, has many peripheral effects, such as an increase in circulating glucocorticoids (GCs) ( 2 , 3 ). Chronic stress or prolonged exogenous GC treatment also disrupts the central homeostatic nature of GC
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis, which subsequently release glucocorticoids and catecholamines, respectively. The HPA and SNS axes are the two major pathways through which stress is able to modulate immune functions depending on the nature